Optimizing basal insulin dosing
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In general, individuals with type 1 diabetes require approximately 30-50% of their daily insulin as basal and the remainder as prandial.
“In general, individuals with type 1 diabetes require approximately 30-50% of their daily insulin as basal and the remainder as prandial (43).”
From 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [43]
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Research works printed but not linked: 12
- [1]Hagedorn HC, Jensen BN, Krarup NB, Wodstrup I. Landmark article Jan 18, 1936: Protamine insulinate. By H.C. Hagedorn, B.N. Jensen, N.B. Krarup, and I. Wodstrup. JAMA 1984; 251: 389– 92. 6361301
- [2]Hagedorn HC. Protamine insulinate: (section of therapeutics and pharmacology). Proc R Soc Med 1937; 30: 805– 14. 19991109 PMC2076399
- [3]Rodari T. Immunological determination of plasmatic insulin in normal subjects in basal conditions. Folia Endocrinol Mens Incretologia Incretoterapia 1960; 13: 96– 101. 14438127
- [4]Kruszynska YT, Home PD, Hanning I, Alberti KG. Basal and 24-h C-peptide and insulin secretion rate in normal man. Diabetologia 1987; 30: 16– 21. 3552817
- [5]Levy I, Recasens A, Casamitjana R, Figuerola D. Nocturnal insulin and C-peptide rhythms in normal subjects. Diabetes Care 1987; 10: 148– 51. 3556102
- [6]King AB, Armstrong DU. A prospective evaluation of insulin dosing recommendations in patients with type 1 diabetes at near normal glucose control: basal dosing. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2007; 1: 36– 41. 19888377 PMC2769604
- [7]Davidson PC, Hebblewhite HR, Steed RD, Bode BW. Analysis of guidelines for basal-bolus insulin dosing: basal insulin, correction factor, and carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio. Endocr Pract 2008; 14: 1095– 101. 19158048
- [8]Kuroda A, Kaneto H, Yasuda T, Matsuhisa M, Miyashita K, Fujiki N, Basal insulin requirement is ~30% of the total daily insulin dose in type 1 diabetic patients who use the insulin pump. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 1089– 90. 21430086 PMC3114495
- [9]Danne T, Phillip M, Buckingham BA, Jarosz-Chobot P, Saboo B, Urakami T, ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: insulin treatment in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19(Suppl 27): 115– 35. 29999222
- [10]Rasmussen. J Pediatr 2019, in press.
- [11]Corbin KD, Driscoll KA, Pratley RE, Smith SR, Maahs DM, Mayer-Davis EJ, Obesity in type 1 diabetes: pathophysiology, clinical impact, and mechanisms. Endocr Rev 2018; 39: 629– 63. 30060120
- [12]Lal RA, Ekhlaspour L, Kook K, Buckingham B. Realizing a closed-loop (artificial pancreas) system for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Endocr Rev 2019 [ Epub ahead of print]. PMC6821212 31276160
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9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Bajaj, M., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s009 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Lal, R. A., & Maahs, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lal, Rayhan A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 215
- Pages
- 7-8
- ISSN
- 0022-3476 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6878131
- OpenAlex
- W2966568588
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Medtronic
- Abbott Diabetes Care
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1K12DK122550, P30 DK116074, T32 DK007217)
- National Institutes of Health
- Abbott Laboratories
- Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
- Roche
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International
- Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- long-acting insulin, insulin deficiency, C-peptide, insulin secretion, immunoreactive insulin, insulin replacement therapy
- MeSH terms
- Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Registries, Body Mass Index
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