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Impact on health care workers employed in high-risk areas during the Toronto SARS outbreak
Open accessAbstract
Background A number of publications focusing on health care workers (HCWs) during a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak have suggested that HCWs experienced psychological distress, particularly increased levels of posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS). Factors contributing to increased distress in HCWs working in high-risk areas treating patients with SARS have not been fully elucidated. The goal of this study was to quantify the psychological effects of working in a high-risk unit during the SARS outbreak.Methods HCWs in a Toronto hospital who worked in high-risk areas completed a questionnaire regarding their attitude toward the SARS crisis along with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, which screens for PTSS. The comparison group consisted of clinical units that had no contact with patients infected with SARS.Results Factors that were identified to cause distress in the 248 respondent HCWs were the following: (a) perception of risk to themselves, (b) impact of the SARS crisis on their work life, (c) depressive affect, and (d) working in a high-risk unit. In addition, HCWs who cared for only one SARS patient in comparison to those caring for multiple SARS patients experienced more PTSS.Conclusions As expected, HCWs who were working in high-risk units experienced greater distress. Contrary to expectations, HCWs who experienced greater contact with SARS patients while working in the high-risk units were less distressed. This suggests that HCW experience in treating patients infected with SARS may be a mediating factor that could be amenable to intervention in future outbreaks.
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“and PTSD (Maunder et al., 2004; Styra et al., 2008; Wu et al., 2009).”
From Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Styra et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“PTSD (Bukhari et al., 2016; Styra et al., 2008; Tang et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2009; Wu et al., 2008; Arpacioglu et al., 2020)”
From Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Styra et al., 2008
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“Feelings of social rejection or isolation and higher impact of the outbreak on daily life (Styra et al., 2008) increased the likelihood of developing PTSD”
From Impact of viral epidemic outbreaks on mental health of healthcare workers: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Styra et al., 2008
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Factors Associated with Acute and Persistent Psychological Disturbances During the COVID-19 PandemicPreprint
Płomecka, M. B., Gobbi, S., Neckels, R., Radziński, P., Skórko, B., Lazzeri, S., Almazidou, K., Dedić, A., Bakalović, A., Hrustić, L., et al. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-56438/v1
Donkers, M. A., Gilissen, V. J. H. S., Candel, M. J. J. M., van Dijk, N. M., Kling, H., Heijnen‐Panis, R., Pragt, E., van der Horst, I. C. C., Pronk, S. A., & van Mook, W. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14803883
Donkers, M. A., Gilissen, V. J. H. S., Candel, M. J. J. M., van Dijk, N. M., Kling, H., Heijnen‐Panis, R., Pragt, E., van der Horst, I. C. C., Pronk, S. A., & van Mook, W. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14803892
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“…et al., 2021; Lehmann et al., 2015; Matua et al., 2015; Xiang et al., 2020), and many suffered from acute stress and anxiety, especially psychosomatic symptoms such as pain (Lam et al., 2009), insomnia (Styra et al., 2008), and chronic extrapulmonary symptoms (Leow et al., 2005; Sim et al., 2010).”
Bremi, A. A. P., Kouamé, A. A. B., Konan, L. G., Gouzou, W. F., Ouattara, Y. M., Aholia, C. V., Kilanko, G. E., Guiegui, C. P., Aka, I. N. A., & Kouassi, Y. M. (2026) · Archives des maladies professionnelles et de médecine du travail/Archives des maladies professionnelles et de l'environnement · doi:10.1016/j.admp.2025.102987
Metadata
- Authors
- Styra, R., Hawryluck, L., Robinson, S., Kasapinovic, S., Fones, C., & Gold, W. L.
- Affiliations
- University Health Network (CA)
- National University Hospital (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Styra, Rima
- Venue
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 177-183
- ISSN
- 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7094601
- OpenAlex
- W2054049746
- Cited by
- 280
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 98 · 2020: 79 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- SARS, healthcare workers, posttraumatic stress symptoms, psychological distress, occupational stress, patient contact, risk perception, depressive affect
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Canada, Catchment Area, Health, Demography, Disease Outbreaks, Employment, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Health Personnel, Health Status, Humans, Male, Occupational Diseases, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Occupational Exposure, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
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