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Cited by 276Geotechnical Engineering and Soil StabilizationConcrete and Cement Materials ResearchGeotechnical and construction materials studies

Clayey soil stabilization using alkali-activated volcanic ash and slag

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Miraki, Hania, Shariatmadari, Nader, Ghadir, Pooria, Jahandari, Soheil, Tao, Zhong, Siddique, Rafat·2022·Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
DOI 10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.08.012
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Abstract

Lime and Portland cement are the most widely used binders in soil stabilization projects. However, due to the high carbon emission in cement production, research on soil stabilization by the use of more environmentally-friendly binders with lower carbon footprint has attracted much attention in recent years. This research investigated the potential of using alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and volcanic ash (VA) as green binders in clayey soil stabilization projects, which has not been studied before. The effects of different combinations of VA with GGBS, various liquid/solid ratios, different curing conditions, and different curing periods (i.e. 7 d, 28 d and 90 d) were investigated. Compressive strength and durability of specimens against wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles were then studied through the use of mechanical and microstructural tests. The results demonstrated that the coexistence of GGBS and VA in geopolymerization process was more effective due to the synergic formation of N-A-S-H and C-(A)-S-H gels. Moreover, although VA needs heat curing to become activated and develop strength, its partial replacement with GGBS made the binder suitable for application at ambient temperature and resulted in a remarkably superior resistance against wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles. The carbon embodied of the mixtures was also evaluated, and the results confirmed the low carbon footprints of the alkali-activated mixtures. Finally, it was concluded that the alkali-activated GGBS/VA could be promisingly used in clayey soil stabilization projects instead of conventional binders.

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  • Chemical stabilization processes such as mixing with GGBFS and fly ash by-products can alter the compressive strength, swelling potential, and volume change properties of soil.

    “It is possible to alter the compressive strength, swelling potential, and volume change properties of soil through chemical stabilization processes such as mixing with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash by-products, as well as mixes of any of these materials [39,40,41,42,43].”

    From Potential of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization Method: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [43]

    The study description (p. 3) says the authors tested compressive strength in clayey soil stabilized with alkali-activated volcanic ash and GGBS. The Introduction (p. 2) also reports strength findings for fly-ash and slag binders. The cited paper does not establish the claimed effects on swelling potential or soil volume change, and its own mixtures used volcanic ash rather than fly ash. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  143. Hania Miraki obtained her MSc degree in Civil Engineering from Iran University of Science and Technology which is among the top 5 Universities in Iran. She was ranked within the top 1% at Iran ' s National University Entrance Exam for Master ' s degree in Civil Engineering in 2018. She has over 5 years of research experience working in the Laboratory of Soil and Concrete of Abadgaran Negin Jonoobshargh Company (ANJ Co.) on some funded research projects in the areas of concrete durability, soil stabilization, etc. She also has the experience of being teaching assistance at University of Kurdistan, Iran. Hania is currently working as a Research Assistant at Chem Concrete Pty. Ltd. Her research interests include concrete durability, waterproof concrete, geopolymer concrete, soil stabilization and alkali-activated materials. She has recently published a number of high-quality journal publications on the same research topics.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Miraki, H., Shariatmadari, N., Ghadir, P., Jahandari, S., Tao, Z., & Siddique, R.
Affiliations
  • Iran University of Science and Technology (IR)
  • Western Sydney University (AU)
  • Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology (IN)
Corresponding author
Jahandari, Soheil
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-04
Volume
14
Issue
2
Pages
576-591
ISSN
1674-7755 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.08.012
OpenAlex
W3216721505
Cited by
276
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 64 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 3
FWCI
16.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Geotechnical and construction materials studies
Keywords
clayey soil stabilization, alkali-activated binders, ground granulated blast furnace slag, volcanic ash, geopolymerization, N-A-S-H gel, C-A-S-H gel, wetting-drying cycles, freeze-thaw resistance, carbon footprint, low-carbon binders, curing conditions, compressive strength, microstructure

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