Drug abstinence and cognitive control in methamphetamine-dependent individuals
Open accessAbstract
Chronic methamphetamine (MA) abuse is associated with disruption of frontostriatal function as well as deficits in cognitive control. To examine the relationship between drug use patterns and cognitive deficits, we pooled previously published behavioral data with new data collected using the Stroop Attention Test. Subject groups are composed of 38 MA-abusing individuals who recently initiated abstinence (36.1 +/- 8.8 years of age), 27 MA-abusing individuals who had initiated abstinence more than 1 year prior to study (38.7 +/- 7.7 years of age), and 33 non-substance-abusing controls (33.9 +/- 8.5 years of age). The recently abstinent MA-abusing individuals exhibited greater Stroop reaction time (RT) interference compared with both the control group (p = .001) and the long-term abstinent MA-abusing individuals (p = .01). No difference was seen between long-term abstinent MA-abusing individuals and controls (p = .87). Stroop RT interference correlated positively with both duration of drug use (p = .003) and drug abstinence (p = .05). The data in the current study provide evidence that cognitive function may improve with protracted drug abstinence.
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These impairments should improve over time and show at least a minimal recovery within one year.
“These impairments should improve over time and show at least a minimal recovery within one year (Medina et al., 2004; Salo et al., 2009).”
From Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review. (2025) · cites this paper as Salo et al., 2009
The Discussion reports less cognitive-control impairment among methamphetamine-dependent individuals abstinent for more than one year than among those abstinent for three weeks to six months, suggesting possible improvement with prolonged abstinence. It does not establish recovery within one year; the study was cross-sectional, and the Discussion says impairment remained pronounced at six months. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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References 32 · Cited by 109
- Authors
- Salo, R., Nordahl, T. E., Galloway, G. P., Moore, C. D., Waters, C., & Leamon, M. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- Corresponding author
- Salo, Ruth
- Venue
- Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 292-297
- ISSN
- 0740-5472 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2739270
- OpenAlex
- W1976389165
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA16329, R03DA023029, DA 10641, R21DA014359, R21DA016329, DA14359, R01DA010641, K01DA016293)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- methamphetamine dependence, drug abstinence, cognitive control, Stroop interference, reaction time, duration of drug use, long-term abstinence, frontostriatal dysfunction, cognitive impairment, substance use disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Methamphetamine, Reaction Time, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Time Factors, Amphetamine-Related Disorders
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