Sex steroids as inflammatory regulators
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that endogenous sex steroids are key players in a range of inflammatory contexts. Androgens and estrogens have been shown to have a profound influence on the function of inflammatory cells including macrophages and on the secretion and activation of a range of plasma-borne inflammatory mediators. The menopause and polymorphisms in estrogen receptor genes have separately been shown to affect the incidence of a range of inflammatory disorders. Sex steroids themselves have been shown to be protective in certain conditions; harmful in others. This review will summarize their documented effects on inflammatory processes, with particular focus on two areas that have received much recent attention: the antiatherosclerotic properties of estrogens in females and the wound healing effects of sex steroids.
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Androgens are mainly anti-inflammatory.
“Whereas androgens are mainly anti-inflammatory [92,93], estrogens have a bi-modal pro- and anti-inflammatory role.”
From Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation (2014) · cites this paper as [92]
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References 191 · Cited by 198
- Authors
- Gilliver, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gilliver, Stephen C.
- ORCID
- Gilliver, Stephen C.
- Venue
- The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 105-115
- ISSN
- 0960-0760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2063663291
- Semantic Scholar
- 4b2172f84e1ae4cb5b27addeb8f391c3769367a7
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 191
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Keywords
- sex steroids, inflammation, androgens, estrogen, estrogen receptor, menopause, macrophages, inflammatory mediators, atherosclerosis, wound healing, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Menopause, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Wound Healing, Signal Transduction, Estrogen Replacement Therapy
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