Self-Efficacy, Poststroke Depression, and Rehabilitation Outcomes: Is There a Correlation?

Abstract

Background The sudden live changes of stroke survivors may lead to negative psychological and behavioral outcomes, including anxiety and depressive mood, which may compromise the rehabilitation process. Some personality features, such as self-efficacy, could play an important role in mediating the degree of post-stroke depression. Aim of this study is to investigate the possible correlation between specific psychological dimensions, such as poststroke depression and self-efficacy, and rehabilitation outcomes.Materials and methods Thirty-eight patients, affected by stroke, completed a four-hour-daily training lasting up to 8 weeks, including traditional and robotic-assisted physiotherapy. Patients were assessed at admission (T0) and at the end (T1) of the motor training, by means of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Functional Independent Measure.Results We observed a significant T0-T1 difference in MADRS scores in patients with a better functional recovery (t = 5.76; P < .0001) and higher self-efficacy (t = 4.74; P < .001), but no significant T0-T1 difference in individuals without functional recovery (t = 1.21; P = .239) and low self-efficacy (t = 1.72; P = .103).Conclusions Our study shows that rehabilitation outcomes and self-efficacy may influence mood, but not vice versa. Thus, to potentiate self-efficacy in the rehabilitation setting may help clinicians in obtaining better functional outcomes, including depression reduction.