Addition of a non-photic component to a light-based mathematical model of the human circadian pacemaker
Open accessAbstract
Mathematical models have become vital to the study of many biological processes in humans due to the complexity of the physiological mechanisms underlying these processes and systems. While our current mathematical representation of the human circadian pacemaker has proven useful in many experimental situations, it uses as input only a direct effect of light on the circadian pacemaker. Although light (a photic stimulus) has been shown to be the primary synchronizer of the circadian pacemaker across a number of species, studies in both animals and humans have confirmed the existence of non-photic effects that also contribute to phase shifting and entrainment. We modified our light-based circadian mathematical model to reflect evidence from these studies that the sleep-wake cycle and/or associated behaviors have a non-photic effect on the circadian pacemaker. In our representation, the sleep-wake cycle and its associated behaviors provides a non-photic drive on the circadian pacemaker that acts both independently and concomitantly with light stimuli. Further experiments are required to validate fully our model and to understand the exact effect of the sleep-wake cycle as a non-photic stimulus for the human circadian pacemaker.
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Light levels during sleep and wake periods were controlled such that simulations suggest a <9 min mean difference of circadian phase between sleep conditions.
“Light levels during sleep periods were essentially complete darkness (<1 lux) and <90 lux during wakefulness, which simulations suggest would lead to a <9 min mean difference of circadian phase between sleep conditions (32).”
From Sleep Restriction for 1 Week Reduces Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men (2010) · cites this paper as [32]
Using a validated, data-based mathematical model, the study estimates a <9 min variation in circadian phase under the experimental conditions and light levels employed.
“However, using a validated, data-based mathematical model, we estimate a <9 min variation in circadian phase under the experimental conditions and light levels employed in this study (32).”
From Sleep Restriction for 1 Week Reduces Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Men (2010) · cites this paper as [32]
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References 69 · Cited by 109
- Authors
- St. Hilaire, M. A., Klerman, E. B., Khalsa, S. B. S., Wright, K. P., Czeisler, C. A., & Kronauer, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Theoretical Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 247
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 583-599
- ISSN
- 0022-5193 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3123888
- OpenAlex
- W2078365051
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Theoretical Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG009975)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL081761)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH045130, MO1-MH45130)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR 02635, M01RR002635)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K02HD045459)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- circadian pacemaker, non-photic entrainment, sleep-wake cycle, phase shifting, entrainment, circadian rhythm
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Animals, Biological Clocks, Circadian Rhythm, Computer Simulation, Humans, Mammals, Models, Biological, Photic Stimulation, Sleep, Wakefulness
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