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Italian Population-Based Values of EQ-5D Health States
Open accessAbstract
Objective To estimate a value set for the calculation of Italian-specific quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), based on preferences elicited on EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) questionnaire health states using the time trade-off technique.Methods The revised standard Measurement and Valuation of Health protocol was followed. Twenty-five health states, divided into three groups and given to 450 subjects, were selected to obtain 300 observations per state. Subjects aged 18 to 75 years were recruited to be representative of the Italian general adult population for age, sex, and geographical distribution. To improve efficiency, face-to-face interviews were conducted by using the Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing approach. Several random effects regression models were tested to predict the full set of EQ-5D questionnaire health states. Model selection was based on logical consistency of the estimates, sign and magnitude of the regression coefficients, goodness of fit, and parsimony.Results The model that satisfied the criteria of logical consistency and was more efficient includes 10 main effect dummy variables for the EQ-5D questionnaire domain levels and the D1 interaction term, which accounts for the number of dimensions at levels 2 or 3 beyond the first. This model has an R(2) of 0.389 and a mean absolute error of 0.03, which are comparable to or better than those of models used in other countries. The utility estimates after state 11111 range from 0.92 (21111) to -0.38 (33333). Italian utility estimates are higher than those estimated in the United Kingdom and Spain and used so far to assess QALYs and conduct cost-utility evaluations in Italy.Conclusions A specific value set is now available to calculate QALYs for the conduction of health economic studies targeted at the Italian health care system.
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“According to preventive inherent power and sample size, the study required between 128 (statistical power of 0.80; α = .05; 1 − β =0.80; t(126) = 1.97) and 172 participants (statistical power equal to 0.90, α = 0.05; 1 − β =0.90; t(179) = 1.97) to detect a two-tailed difference.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Scalone, L., Cortesi, P. A., Ciampichini, R., Belisari, A., D’Angiolella, L. S., Cesana, G., & Mantovani, L. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Milano-Bicocca (IT)
- University of Naples Federico II (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Scalone, Luciana
- ORCID
- Venue
- Value in Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 814-822
- ISSN
- 1098-3015 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2051424809
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 19.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Value in Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Keywords
- EQ-5D, health utility, time trade-off, quality-adjusted life years, health state valuation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Attitude to Health, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, Health Status, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Time Factors, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Young Adult
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