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Cited by 9Voice and Speech DisordersPhonetics and Phonology ResearchLanguage Development and Disorders

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Longitudinal Evaluation of Cepstral Peak Prominence in Children

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Heller Murray, Elizabeth, Yucel, Recai·2026·Journal of Voice
DOI 10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.04.019PMC PMC11568071
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Abstract

Objectives To evaluate whether the acoustic measure of cepstral peak prominence changes during typical development in children 2-7. Methods Data were retrospectively analyzed from the Arizona Child Acoustic Database Repository in this longitudinal cohort study. The Repository contains longitudinal data recordings from 63 total children between 2 and 7 years of age. Thirty-one children met the inclusion criteria for the current analysis (at least five time points of usable speech data, no history of speech or language difficulties, no significant dysphonia, and were monolingual speakers of American English). Cepstral peak prominence measures were calculated in Praat for each child, at each timepoint. Additional acoustic measures of vocal fundamental frequency, vocal intensity, and stimuli length were also calculated. These measures were chosen as previous work has shown they may impact cepstral peak prominence values. Results Linear mixed-effects regression models examined the relationship between cepstral peak prominence and age, after controlling for vocal fundamental frequency, vocal intensity, and stimuli length. Within-participant effects of age were found, indicating a trajectory change in which cepstral peak prominence increases with age in this population. This positive relationship between a cepstral peak prominence and age was nonlinear, with a steeper slope between age and cepstral peak prominence after 5 years of age. Conclusions This is the first study to examine the typical developmental trajectory of cepstral peak prominence children between 2 and 7 years, a critical period of vocal development. Cepstral peak prominence increased with age, suggesting an increase in periodicity of vocal fold vibration that coincides with the significant vocal fold structural changes occurring during this time. Outcomes present important normative information on vocal development, essential for effectively understanding the difference between what vocal changes are part of normative development and what changes indicate a voice disorder.

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Metadata

Authors
Heller Murray, E., & Yucel, R.
Affiliations
Temple University (US)
ORCID
Yucel, Recai
Venue
Journal of Voice
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2026-09
Volume
40
Issue
5
Pages
1279-1287
ISSN
0892-1997 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.04.019
PMC
PMC11568071
OpenAlex
W4397005845
Cited by
9
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2
FWCI
2.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Voice (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Voice and Speech Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Keywords
cepstral peak prominence, vocal development, children, fundamental frequency, vocal intensity, vocal fold vibration, longitudinal development, voice disorders
MeSH terms
Acoustics, Age Factors, Arizona, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Retrospective Studies, Sound Spectrography, Speech Acoustics, Speech Production Measurement, Time Factors, Voice Quality, Linear Models, Databases, Factual

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Heller Murray, E., & Yucel, R. (2026). Longitudinal Evaluation of Cepstral Peak Prominence in Children. Journal of Voice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.04.019