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Nexus between nature-based solutions, ecosystem services and urban challenges
Open accessAbstract
Nature-based Solutions (NBS) are increasingly promoted to support sustainable and resilient urban planning. However, design and planning urban NBS targeted at the needs of the local context require knowledge about the causal relationships between NBS, ecosystem services (ES) and urban challenges (UC) This paper aims at contributing to this knowledge, by systematically identifying nexuses (i.e. qualitative links) between UC, ES and NBS, and describing plausible causal relationships. A conceptual UC-ES-NBS criteria framework was built, and used to guide a two-step systematic literature review on current UC and on the supply of ES by urban NBS. This was followed by a non-systematic literature review, which complemented the previous one by unveiling knowledge gaps on the biophysical and social processes and attributes on which specific ES classes depend. The non-systematic review was also used to identify additional NBS. The UC review identified 18 UC and 58 sub-challenges, and illustrated which UC were more studied, according to the type of literature and environmental and socio-economic attributes of urban contexts. The ES review led to the development of an urban NBS classification, and supported the identification of UC-ES and ES-NBS nexuses, which were analysed and classified into four groups of causal relationship. For the nexuses identified as direct plausible causal relationship, the main processes and attributes on which the supply of specific ES depend were pointed out. Relationships between UC, ES, NBS, processes, and attributes were represented in the form of network diagrams. Our results can be used to support urban policies aimed at mainstreaming NBS and as a basis to further understand UC-ES-NBS relationships.
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“The most prominent societal challenge facing NbS is how to center justice and make inclusive planning for NbS a standard practice given limited participatory urban planning and governance (23, 24, 26, 32, 44–53).”
From Global synthesis and regional insights for mainstreaming urban nature-based solutions (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
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“There is strong evidence on the positive public health outcomes from engaging with nature and biodiversity and from living near urban green spaces in cities (44, 47, 56–62).”
From Global synthesis and regional insights for mainstreaming urban nature-based solutions (2025) · cites this paper as [44]
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Self-citationThe science, policy and practice of nature-based solutions: An interdisciplinary perspective
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Fang, Z., Ding, T., Chen, J., Xue, S., Zhou, Q., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, Z., & Yang, S. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154967 · Cited by 390
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Kabisch, N., Frantzeskaki, N., & Hansen, R. (2022) · Ambio · doi:10.1007/s13280-021-01685-w · Cited by 272
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Castellar, J., Popartan, L. A., Pueyo‐Ros, J., Atanasova, N., Langergraber, G., Säumel, I., Corominas, L., Comas, J., & Acuña, V. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146237 · Cited by 231
Debele, S. E., Leo, L. S., Kumar, P., Sahani, J., Ommer, J., Bucchignani, E., Vranić, S., Kalaš, M., Amirzada, Z., Pavlova, I., et al. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165824 · Cited by 225
Metadata
- Authors
- Babí Almenar, J., Elliot, T., Rugani, B., Philippe, B., Navarrete Gutierrez, T., Sonnemann, G., & Geneletti, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Lisbon (PT)
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LU)
- Université de Bordeaux (FR)
- University of Trento (IT)
- Venue
- Land Use Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 100
- Pages
- 104898
- ISSN
- 0264-8377 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3042728397
- Cited by
- 378
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 51
- FWCI
- 15.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Land Use Policy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Iris (University of Trento) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Horizon 2020 (730468)
- Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg (C16/SR/11311935)
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (L. 232/2016)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
- Keywords
- nature-based solutions, ecosystem services, urban problems, urban resilience, urban planning, causal relationship, nexus analysis, ecosystem service provision, urban policy, network diagrams
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