The silent war of CMV in aging and HIV infection
Open accessAbstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), the prototypical β-herpervirus, is a widespread pathogen that establishes a lifelong latent infection in myeloid progenitor, and possibly other cells as well. Although immunocompetent individuals show mild or no symptoms despite periodic reactivation during myeloid cell differentiation, CMV is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in older adults and in persons chronically infected with HIV. Indeed, in these individuals, reactivation of CMV can cause serious complications. This review will focus of the effects of CMV during aging and HIV/AIDS, with particular attention to the cellular immunity and age-related pathology outcomes from this persistent infection. The impact of the long-term chronic exposure to CMV antigens on the expansion of CD8 T cells with features of replicative senescence will be highlighted.
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Non-endogenous contributors to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype include chronic infections, lifestyle-induced obesity, microbiome dysbiosis, diet, social and cultural changes, and environmental and industrial toxicants.
“The non-endogenous contributors are thought to include chronic infections57, lifestyle-induced obesity58, microbiome dysbiosis59, diet60, social and cultural changes61,62 and environmental and industrial toxicants63.”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [57]
Chronic HIV infection causes premature aging of the immune system and is associated with early cardiovascular and skeletal changes, attributed largely to accumulation of senescent CD8+ T cells that produce increased pro-inflammatory mediators.
“chronic infection with HIV causes premature aging of the immune system and is associated with early cardiovascular and skeletal changes57, with such effects being attributed in large part to the accumulation of senescent CD8+ T cells that produce increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators80.”
From Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span (2019) · cites this paper as [57]
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References 92 · Cited by 63
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Almanzar G Long-term cytomegalovirus infection leads to significant changes in the composition of the CD8+ T-cell repertoire, which may be the basis for an imbalance in the cytokine production profile in elderly persons Journal of Virology 2005 79 6 3675 83 15731261 PMC1075718
- Effros RB Allsopp R Chiu CP Wang L Hirji K Harley CB 1996 Shortened telomeres in the expanded CD28−CD8+ subset in HIV disease implicate replicative senescence in HIV pathogenesis AIDS/Fast Track 10 F17 F22 8828735
- Authors
- Effros, R. B.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Effros, Rita B.
- ORCID
- Effros, Rita B.
- Venue
- Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 158
- Pages
- 46-52
- ISSN
- 0047-6374 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4808485
- OpenAlex
- W1811497510
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Mechanisms of Ageing and Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Keywords
- cytomegalovirus, aging, HIV infection, replicative senescence, senescent T cells, CD8+ T cells, cell-mediated immunity, viral latency, viral reactivation, age-related diseases
- MeSH terms
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Aging, Animals, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Cytomegalovirus, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, HIV-1
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