Acute and chronic regulation of aldosterone production
Open accessAbstract
Aldosterone is the major mineralocorticoid synthesized by the adrenal and plays an important role in the regulation of systemic blood pressure through the absorption of sodium and water. Aldosterone production is regulated tightly by selective expression of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) in the adrenal outermost zone, the zona glomerulosa. Angiotensin II (Ang II), potassium (K(+)) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) are the main physiological agonists which regulate aldosterone secretion. Aldosterone production is regulated within minutes of stimulation (acutely) through increased expression and phosphorylation of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and over hours to days (chronically) by increased expression of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of aldosterone, particularly CYP11B2. Imbalance in any of these processes may lead to several disorders of aldosterone excess. In this review we attempt to summarize the key molecular events involved in the acute and chronic phases of aldosterone secretion.
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ACTH can stimulate aldosterone as well as cortisol, which also has mineralocorticoid activity.
“ACTH can stimulate aldosterone as well as cortisol, which also has mineralocorticoid activity [35].”
From Evolutionary medicine and chronic inflammatory state—known and new concepts in pathophysiology (2012) · cites this paper as [35]
The key elements of the water retention system are the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) that activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with ACTH, aldosterone, and cortisol.
“The key elements of this system are the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) that activates the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone pathway [34], and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis with ACTH, aldosterone, and cortisol.”
From Evolutionary medicine and chronic inflammatory state—known and new concepts in pathophysiology (2012) · cites this paper as [35]
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References 174 · Cited by 347
- Authors
- Hattangady, N. G., Olala, L. O., Bollag, W. B., & Rainey, W. E.
- Affiliations
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rainey, William E.
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 350
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-162
- ISSN
- 0303-7207 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3253327
- OpenAlex
- W2143300626
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 174
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 3.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (#HL70046, R01HL070046)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK069950, DK 43140, R01DK069950, R01DK043140)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- aldosterone, aldosterone synthase, CYP11B2, zona glomerulosa, adrenal cortex, angiotensin II, potassium, ACTH, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, aldosterone excess, mineralocorticoids, blood pressure regulation, water-salt balance, steroidogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, Animals, Humans, Hyperaldosteronism, Models, Biological, Potassium, Steroids, Time Factors, Metabolic Networks and Pathways
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