The pathogenesis of obesity
Open accessAbstract
Body fat mass increases when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. In the long term, a positive energy balance will result in obesity. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically, posing a serious threat to human health. Therefore, insight in the pathogenesis of obesity is important to identify novel prevention and treatment strategies. This review describes the physiology of energy expenditure and energy intake in the context of body weight gain in humans. We focus on the components of energy expenditure and the regulation of energy intake. Finally, we describe rare monogenetic causes leading to an impairment in central regulation of food intake and obesity.
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Obesity reflects a chronic energy imbalance, with greater calorie consumption than energy expenditure.
“Obesity reflects a chronic energy imbalance, with greater calorie consumption than energy expenditure,18”
From Obesity Management in Adults (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
Hormone response and metabolic adaptation promote weight regain.
“Additionally, hormone response and metabolic adaptation promote weight regain.18”
From Obesity Management in Adults (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
Dysregulation of the gut-brain axis develops in obesity, often leading to increased hunger and decreased satiety.
“Dysregulation of this system develops in obesity, often leading to increased hunger and decreased satiety.18”
From Obesity Management in Adults (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
Hormones involved in energy homeostasis include leptin and ghrelin.
“Hormones involved in this process include leptin and ghrelin.18”
From Obesity Management in Adults (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
Weight loss typically plateaus after 6 months due to metabolic adaptation and hormonal changes contributing to decreased adherence, but metabolic adaptation usually slows after 12 months.
“Weight loss typically plateaus after 6 months due to metabolic adaption and hormonal changes contributing to decreased adherence, but metabolic adaptation usually slows after 12 months.18,67”
From Obesity Management in Adults (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
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References 263 · Cited by 180
- Authors
- Oussaada, S. M., van Galen, K. A., Cooiman, M. I., Kleinendorst, L., Hazebroek, E. J., van Haelst, M. M., ter Horst, K. W., & Serlie, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Rijnstate Hospital (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Serlie, Mireille J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 92
- Pages
- 26-36
- ISSN
- 0026-0495 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2908563052
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 263
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 17
- FWCI
- 2.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.vumc.nl
- Licence
- Locations
- Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- obesity pathogenesis, energy balance, energy expenditure, energy intake regulation, fat mass, weight gain, monogenic obesity, obesity prevention and treatment
- MeSH terms
- Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Obesity
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