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Letter to the Editor: Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease
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“Of note, aging, obesity and inflammation-related diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases have been shown to be risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 (293, 371–373).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [371]
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Cites
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884 · cited 1×
“Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, a common complication in severe COVID-19 [12], is promoted by the activation of CD14+ and”
Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Guan, W.-J., Ni, Z.-Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-H., Ou, C.-Q., He, J.-X., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C.-L., Hui, D. S. C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032 · Cited by 30,246 · cited 1×
“Preliminary data suggests that obesity may aggravate the severity of respiratory diseases and of COVID-19 [2].”
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“hypertension and dyslipidemia were diagnosed based on established criteria.[10] All patients denied a history of chronic obstructive or restrictive pulmonary disease.”
BackgroundEslam, M., Newsome, P. N., Sarin, S. K., Anstee, Q. M., Targher, G., Romero-Gomez, M., Zelber-Sagi, S., Wai-Sun Wong, V., Dufour, J.-F., Schattenberg, J. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.03.039 · Cited by 4,472 · cited 2×
“[2] Patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD),[3] formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, are often obese and have additional metabolic risk factors which may translate to a greater risk from respiratory diseases.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationvan der Poorten, D., Milner, K., Hui, J. M., Hodge, A. D., Trenell, M. I., Kench, J. G., London, R. M., Peduto, T., Chisholm, D. J., & George, J. (2008) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22350 · Cited by 611 · cited 2×
“[13] In MAFLD patients, particularly those with obesity, increased inflammatory activity in the liver and visceral fat is independently correlated with increased levels of IL-6,[14] which might have an additive/synergistic role in promoting greater severity of COVID-19.”
BackgroundSelf-citationCOVID-19 and Liver Dysfunction: Current Insights and Emergent Therapeutic Strategies
Feng, G., Zheng, K. I., Yan, Q., Rios, R. S., Targher, G., Byrne, C. D., Poucke, S. V., Liu, W., & Zheng, M. (2020) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology · doi:10.14218/jcth.2020.00018 · Cited by 422 · cited 1×
“This suggests IL-6 is a key proinflammatory factor that triggers the inflammatory “storm” in patients.[13] In MAFLD patients, particularly those with obesity, increased inflammatory activity in the liver and visceral fat is independently correlated with increased levels of IL-6,[14] which might have an additive/synerg…”
BackgroundSelf-citationObesity Is a Risk Factor for Greater COVID-19 Severity
Gao, F., Zheng, K. I., Wang, X.-B., Sun, Q.-F., Pan, K.-H., Wang, T.-Y., Chen, Y.-P., Targher, G., Byrne, C., George, J., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-0682 · Cited by 376 · cited 1×
“for severe COVID-19 with a dose-effect relationship between increasing BMI and the proportion of patients with severe illness.[11] In the current analysis, the risk of severe illness in MAFLD patients with co-existing obesity was more than 6-fold greater after adjustment for confounders.”
BackgroundSelf-citationLean NAFLD: A Distinct Entity Shaped by Differential Metabolic Adaptation
Chen, F., Esmaili, S., Rogers, G. B., Bugianesi, E., Petta, S., Marchesini, G., Bayoumi, A., Metwally, M., Azardaryany, M. K., Coulter, S., et al. (2019) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30908 · Cited by 338
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“[4] [5] [6] [7] It is currently not known whether MALFD patients are also more likely to have greater COVID-19 severity of illness.”
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with decreased lung function
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“[4] [5] [6] [7] It is currently not known whether MALFD patients are also more likely to have greater COVID-19 severity of illness.”
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Chenchula, S., Sharma, S., Tripathi, M., Chavan, M., Misra, A. K., & Rangari, G. M. (2023) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13616 · Cited by 9
“123, 98, 186 Studies have also reported increased cases”
BackgroundParihar, A., Malviya, S., Khan, R., Kaushik, A. K., & Mostafavi, E. (2023) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20230293 · Cited by 8
Association Between Obesity and COVID-19 Disease Severity in Saudi Population
Alqahtani, F., Aleanizy, F., Mohamed, R. A. E. H., Al-Maflehi, N. S., Alrfaei, B. M., Almangour, T. A., Alkhudair, N., Bawazeer, G., Shamlan, G., & Alanazi, M. (2022) · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dmso.s365491 · Cited by 6
“38,39 Therefore, elevation of inflammatory biomarkers, including ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, and C-reactive protein, has been reported in patients with severe COVID-19.”
Jakobsson, J., Cotgreave, I. A., Furberg, M., Arnberg, N., & Svensson, M. (2021) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports9090121 · Cited by 8
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COVID-19 and obesity: what is known about the features of pathogenesis and treatment?
Kanorskii, S. (2021) · South Russian Journal of Therapeutic Practice · doi:10.21886/2712-8156-2021-2-1-17-24 · Cited by 6
Mutant strains of SARS-CoV-2 are more prone to infect obese patient: a review
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Risk factors for severe illness and death in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Simons, D., Shahab, L., Brown, J., & Perski, O. (2020) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/ujr2aw.7 · Cited by 6
Simons, D., Shahab, L., Brown, J., & Perski, O. (2020) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/ujr2aw.4 · Cited by 5
Payus, A. O., Noh, M. M., Azizan, N. B., & Muthukaruppan, R. (2022) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v28.i39.5723 · Cited by 6
Ali, A. N., Hasan, M., Hamed, S., & Elhamy, A. (2021) · Egyptian Liver Journal · doi:10.1186/s43066-021-00131-6 · Cited by 5
“, individuals with metabolicassociated fatty liver disease and obesity had a sixfold raised chance of developing severe COVID-19 infection [46].”
BackgroundAssociation of Obesity with COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: A Systemic Review and Meta-RegressionPreprint
Singh, R., Rathore, S., Khan, H. W., Karale, S. G., Bhurwal, A., Tekin, A., Jain, N., Mehra, I., Anand, S., Reddy, S., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.05.08.21256845 · Cited by 5
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Metabolic associated fatty liver disease increases the severity of COVID-19: A meta-analysis
Pan, L., Huang, P., Xie, X., Xu, J., Guo, D., & Jiang, Y. (2020) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2020.09.007 · Cited by 87
“[11] Zheng KI , Gao F , Wang XB , et al.”
Lung Epithelial Cells from Obese Patients Have Impaired Control of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Gaudet, M., Kaufmann, E., Jalaleddine, N., Mogas, A. K., Hachim, M. Y., Senok, A. C., Divangahi, M., Hamid, Q. A., & Heialy, S. A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076729 · Cited by 5
“The same trends have been observed in Wuhan, China, where 68% of COVID-19 patients were overweight/obese and 37% of these patients showed severe symptoms [5].”
ResultCOVID-19: Current Status in Gastrointestinal, Hepatic, and Pancreatic Diseases—A Concise Review
Aquino-Matus, J., Uribe, M., & Chavez-Tapia, N. (2022) · Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7080187 · Cited by 4
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“Furthermore, the risk due to obesity in COVID-19 has been found to be significantly greater in obese patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) [30].”
BackgroundImpact of COVID-19 on liver disease: From the experimental to the clinic perspective
Gato, S., Lucena-Valera, A., Muñoz-Hernández, R., Sousa, J. M., Romero-Gómez, M., & Ampuero, J. (2021) · World Journal of Virology · doi:10.5501/wjv.v10.i6.301 · Cited by 4
Cardiometabolic Disorders and the Risk of Critical COVID-19 as Compared to Influenza Pneumonia
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“Although this association is consistent with that reported in other communities, including China [23] and the United States [3], it has not been observed for SARS-CoV-1.”
ResultThe role of antipsychotics against COVID-19: A topic for debate
Canal-Rivero, M., Catalán-Barragán, R., Rubio-García, A., Garrido-Torres, N., Crespo-Facorro, B., & Ruiz-Veguilla, M. (2021) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.07.003 · Cited by 4
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Proposed Occupational Vulnerability Index COVID-19
Vicente-Herrero, M., de la Torre, M. V. R. Í., Balsa, M. T. D. C., Reinoso-Barbero, L., Garrido, J. C. R., & Navarro, C. S. (2020) · Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.4236/odem.2020.84014 · Cited by 4
“84014 177 Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine In Spain, the health authorities’ guidelines for making decisions on the workers’ vulnerability due to COVID-19 infection effects, have been based on the assessment of personal aspects: age [9]; pregnancy [10] [11] and the morbidities that have had an impact t…”
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Proposed Protocol for Risk Assessment and Stratification
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“83008 102 Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine higher mortality from COVID-19 [19] [20].”
BackgroundObesity and COVID-19: The role of visceral adipose tissue
Petersen, A., Bressem, K., Albrecht, J., Thieß, H.-M., Vahldiek, J., Hamm, B., Makowski, M., Niehues, A., Niehues, S. M., & Adams, L. C. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.05.14.20101998 · Cited by 4
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“77-fold greater among obese patients [23].”
Triglyceride regulate ACE2 level through MTHFD1
Ma, X., Li, X., Wan, B., & Miao, Z. (2021) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-021-00178-y · Cited by 3
“We know that SARS-CoV-2 not only causes lung injury but also causes complications in most other organs, and additional studies have found that obesity increases the mortality of infected people and serves as one of the risks of viral infection (Jose and Manuel 2020; Peng et al. 2020; Simonnet et al. 2020; Zheng et al.…”
BackgroundAkyüz, E. Y., ÖNAL, H. Y., & Yüksel, A. (2021) · Progress in Health Sciences · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0014.9280 · Cited by 3
“It has been reported that obese individuals have more severe complications related to COVID-19, and high body mass index, high visceral adipose tissue, and high waist circumference are risk factors for COVID-19 infection [6].”
BackgroundMetabolic associated fatty liver disease and COVID-19: a double whammy?
Lin, J., & Aravamudan, V. M. (2020) · Singapore medical journal · doi:10.11622/smedj.2020141 · Cited by 3
“03) as compare to MAFLD without obesity.((8)) This increased risk is independent of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension.”
BackgroundCOVID-19 AND OBESİTY: A SYSTEMATİC REVİEW
Gürbüz, P. (2020) · İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu Dergisi · doi:10.33715/inonusaglik.735600 · Cited by 2
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“This could be explained firstly by the up regulation of some SARS- CoV-2 Spike receptors such as ACE2, TMPRSS2 (Al Heialy et al. 2020), CD147 (in obesity and diabetes) (Costa et al. 2020; Zheng et al. 2020) and also CD209 (highly expressed on the adipose tissue) (Rahimi 2020).”
Lee, K. S., Boehm, D. T., Miller-Stump, O. A., Rader, N. A., Cooper, M., Cyphert, H. A., Sen-Kilic, E., Barbier, M., & Damron, F. H. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-12320-z · Cited by 2
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Relación entre obesidad y enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles e infecciosas
Barreto, I. B., Cruz, Y. A. M., López, J. A. P., & Carassa, D. C. M. (2021) · Medicina · doi:10.11606/issn.2176-7262.rmrp.2021.169851 · Cited by 2
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“Also, obesity is independently associated with the increased risk of SARS-CoV-2, and older COVID-19 patients are more prone to death (Zheng et al., 2020).”
BackgroundZhou, Y.-H., Rios, R. S., Zheng, K. I., & Zheng, M. (2021) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology · doi:10.14218/jcth.2020.00137 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSimons, D., Shahab, L., Brown, J., & Perski, O. (2021) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/ujr2aw.11 · Cited by 5
Pathogenetic links of liver damage, obesity and COVID‑19
Bakulin, I., Bakulina, N., Tikhonov, S., Vinchuk, S. A., Dekkanova, V. D., & Prokofiev, N. (2020) · Medical alphabet · doi:10.33667/2078-5631-2020-30-5-10 · Cited by 2
Updated overview on the interplay between obesity and COVID-19
Onorato, D., Carpenè, G., Lippi, G., & Pucci, M. (2020) · Diagnosis · doi:10.1515/dx-2020-0111 · Cited by 3
Does MAFLD really increase the severity of COVID-19?
Fajar, J., Wibowo, B., Dewi, G. C., Rahmadi, A., & Kusuma, M. T. (2020) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2020.10.042 · Cited by 2
The impact of fasting in Ramadan on the risk factors of COVID-19 in adolescents: A brief review
Behboudi, E., Shamsi, A., Hamidi-Sofiani, V., & Oladnabi, M. (2020) · doi:10.22038/ijp.2020.53182.4214 · Cited by 2
“CVD: Cardiovascular disease GWAS: Genome-wide association studies CKD: Chronic kidney disease CHD: Chronic heart disease MAFLD: Metabolic associated fatty liver disease T2D: Diabetes type 2.”
BackgroundInfluentialRelationship between COVID-19 and liver diseases: the role of hepatologists in clinical practice
Sumida, Y., Kimoto, S., Sakamoto, K., Ohashi, T., Nakade, Y., Itou, K., Toyoda, H., Tomita, E., Kumada, T., & Yoneda, M. (2020) · Kanzo · doi:10.2957/kanzo.61.496 · Cited by 2
Obésité et COVID-19 : le choc fatal entre deux pandémies
Scheen, A. (2020) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/j.mmm.2020.05.009 · Cited by 2
Poinas, A., Boutoille, D., Vrignaud, F., Nguyen, J., Bonnet, F., Rat, C., Garcia, G., Dompmartin, A., Leccia, M., Piroth, L., et al. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-29729/v1 · Cited by 2
The liver in times of COVID-19: What hepatologists should know
Ridruejo, E., & Soza, A. (2020) · Annals of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2020.05.001 · Cited by 94
Modelling of obesity impact on COVID-19: Improved SEIR model
Boubekeur, M. A., & Belhamiti, O. (2025) · Mathematical Foundations of Computing · doi:10.3934/mfc.2025012 · Cited by 2
Torres-Romero, M. G., Escrivá, N., Barado, E., Moreno‐Galarraga, L., & Fernández‐Montero, A. (2025) · Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health · doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102195 · Cited by 1
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Understanding the significance of adipose tissue in the inflammatory response to COVID-19
Emir, S. N., Emir, S., Bulut, S. S. D., & Basat, S. (2024) · Obesity Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.obmed.2024.100538 · Cited by 2
The prevalence of obesity diagnosed by different diagnostic criteria in Polish social-media users
Samek, G., Szulc, A., & Dardzińska, J. A. (2023) · European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.31373/ejtcm/162572 · Cited by 1
Implications of metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease in COVID-19
Chakraborty, R., Sharma, D. K., Kapoor, D., Dwivedi, A., Khabiya, R., & Sen, S. (2023) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v11.i6.1275 · Cited by 1
Liver transplantation during COVID-19: Adaptive measures with future significance
Gyftopoulos, A., Ziogas, I. A., & Montenovo, M. (2022) · World journal of transplantation · doi:10.5500/wjt.v12.i9.288 · Cited by 1
Papageorgiou, L., Papakonstantinou, E., Diakou, I., Pierouli, K., Dragoumani, K., Bacopoulou, F., Chrousos, G., Eliopoulos, E., & Vlachakis, D. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.09.16.508278 · Cited by 1
Association between obesity and COVID-19
Lim, S.-M. (2022) · Journal of Korean Medical Association · doi:10.5124/jkma.2022.65.7.423 · Cited by 1
“몇몇 초기 연구에 서 비만이 COVID-19의 중증도와 관련이 있다고 보고했다 [4-6].”
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on liver disease
Fernández, S. S., Medina, P. G., Lafuente, A. A., Vizoso, M. A. B., Trillo, A. Z., Mercadal, G. C., Enrech, G. S., Garcés, M. L., Ruíz, A. G. G., Pastor, O. O., et al. (2022) · Advances in laboratory medicine · doi:10.1515/almed-2022-0037 · Cited by 1
Choi, D.-H., & Hyun, A.-H. (2022) · Exercise Science · doi:10.15857/ksep.2022.00052 · Cited by 2
“이러한 문제는 비만, 당뇨병, 기저질환자의 COVID-19 상태를 심각하게 할 뿐 아니라, 사이토카인 폭풍에 의한 사망에 이르게 된다[11].”
Convalescent plasma therapy in obese severe COVID-19 adolescents: Two cases report
Cesilia, C., Ridar, E., Suryawan, N., & Nataprawira, H. (2021) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103084 · Cited by 1
“It has been reported that obese patients are more vulnerable to COVID-19 and have a higher risk of worse clinical outcomes [13,16].”
Hígado y SARS-CoV-2: aspectos claves de la literatura
Marzola, I. D. Q., Mendoza, M. F. F., Gómez, J. C. C., Pérez, A. E. S., Pájaro, L. Q., Villegas, Y. R., Jattin, F. M., & Barreto, I. D. J. Y. (2021) · Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología · doi:10.22516/25007440.619 · Cited by 1
Gender differences in lipid metabolism
Mittova, V., Khoroshikh, A. O., Zemchenkova, O. V., Ryazantsev, S., Maslov, O. V., Korzh, E. V., Ryasnaya-Lokinskaya, L. S., & Alabovsky, V. V. (2021) · Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases · doi:10.17308/kcmf.2021.23/3436 · Cited by 1
Obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, COVID-19: dangerous liaisons
Tikhonov, S., Dekkanova, V. D., Vinnichuk, S., Fil, T. S., & Bakulina, N. (2021) · doi:10.21518/2079-701x-2021-5-76-83 · Cited by 1
Smoking and COVID Living Review (v11): a bayesian analysisPreprint
Simons, D., Shahab, L., Brown, J., & Perski, O. (2021) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/ujr2aw.12 · Cited by 1
“…- - Yu et al. (2020) Yu, Cai 2020-04- 27 China 95 Hospital NA 44.2 8.4 - - - Ziehr et al. (2020) Ziehr 2020-04- 29 USA 66 Hospital 58 (23- 87) 35.0 - - 33.33 63.6 Zheng et al. (2020) Zheng, Xiong 2020-04- 30 China 73 Hospital 43^ (NA) 45.2 - - 10.96 89.0 Kalan et al. (2020) Kalan 2020-05- 01 Iran…”
InfluentialAbdominal Obesity Phenotype Predicts COVID-19 Chest X-Ray Severity Score better than General Obesity
Malavazos, A., Secchi, F., Basilico, S., Capitanio, G., Boveri, S., Milani, V., Dubini, C., Schiaffino, S., Morricone, L., Foschini, C., et al. (2021) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-167177/v1 · Cited by 1
“Interestingly, ectopic fat depots have been highlighted as new markers of major COVID-19 complications [26, 30, 41, 42].”
BackgroundCT scan Findings of COVID-19 in Patients with Fatty Liver
Sadiq, I., & Bakr, K. I. (2021) · Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology · doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13800 · Cited by 1
Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a male with metabolic syndrome for 72 days: A case report
Islam, S. M. R., Akther, T., Sultana, S., & Munshi, S. (2021) · SAGE Open Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1177/2050313x21989492 · Cited by 1
Does higher BMI increase COVID-19 severity?: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chowdhury, A., Rabbi, M. F., Rahman, T., Reza, S., & Alam, M. R. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.12.05.20244566 · Cited by 1
“Of the 12 included studies (24-35), nine studies were included in the meta-analysis (24, 26-”
BackgroundFatty liver disease in obese patients with COVID-19: a tale of two pandemics?
Yeoh, S. L., & Flaherty, G. T. (2020) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa059
“A study by Zheng et al.(5) found that the presence of obesity in COVID-19 patients with MAFLD predicted a six-fold increased risk of severe disease.”
BackgroundComportamiento del hipotiroidismo, diabetes y la obesidad en tiempos de pandemia de COVID-19
Gunturiz-Albarracín, M. L. (2020) · Alad · doi:10.24875/alad.20000009 · Cited by 1
Fat mass prevalence and influence on nutritional status in ICU COVID-19 patientsPreprint
Lorenzo, A. D., Tarsitano, M. G., Falcone, C., di Renzo, L., Romano, L., Macheda, S., Ferrarelli, A., Labate, D., Tescione, M., Bilotta, F., et al. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-33974/v1 · Cited by 1
Liver Injury in COVID-19 Patients
Balzano, T., Hiba, O. E., del Rey, N. L., Amine, S. E., & Smimih, K. (2021) · Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8225-1.ch009
Negru-Voda, D., Stemate, A., & Negreanu, L. (2026) · Life · doi:10.3390/life16091548
“Previous studies have similarly emphasized the contribution of obesity and metabolic dysfunction to COVID-19 severity and hepatic involvement [13,14].”
Abdurakhmаnov, M. M., Tagaeva, H. D., Oblokulov, A., Umedov, K., & Abdurakhmanov, Z. M. (2026) · Perm Medical Journal · doi:10.17816/pmj43350-58
Gamarra-Morales, Y., Molina‐López, J., Machado-Casas, J. F., Herrera‐Quintana, L., Vázquez‐Lorente, H., Pérez-Villares, J. M., & Planells, E. (2026) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo16040256
Association between hepatosteatosis and severity of COVID-19 pneumonia: a CT-based study
Soyer-Guldogan, E., Özbal, S., Aktürk, Y., Şencan, İ., & Hekimoğlu, B. (2025) · Interdisciplinary Medical Journal · doi:10.17944/interdiscip.1698641
Nakahashi, T., Tada, H., Sakata, K., Inaba, S., Hashimoto, M., Nomura, A., Azuma, S., Hirata, M., Ito, H., & Takamura, M. (2024) · Internal medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.2977-23
Alimurzaeva, M. M., Izudinova, S. M., Dzhafarova, A., & Khalilov, R. (2023) · Medical Herald of the South of Russia · doi:10.21886/2219-8075-2023-14-2-90-96
Safety and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
Mao, Y.-F., Gao, L., Li, Y.-Y., & Wang, F.-S. (2023) · Infectious Diseases & Immunity · doi:10.1097/id9.0000000000000094
Overnutrition and COVID Prevalence in India: Evidence and Implications
Dang, A., & Gupta, I. (2023) · Indian Journal of Human Development · doi:10.1177/09737030231174300
“…among adults aged less than 65 years (generally considered a lower-risk group of COVID disease severity), obesity appears to be an independent risk factor for severe COVID outcomes (Caussy et al., 2020; Lighter et al., 2020; Muniyappa & Wilkins, 2020; Simonnet et al., 2020; Zheng et al., 2020).”
BackgroundEpaulard, O., Gouellec, A. L., Maréchal, M. L., Némoz, B., Borel, A., Dartevel, A., Gheerbrant, H., Hérault, M.-C., Bosseray, A., Clavarino, G., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.12.20.22282909
“In a Chinese study, BMI >25 kg/m2 was associated with a six-fold increased risk of severe COVID-19 [21]; in a French study, 47·6% and 28·2% of cases requiring mechanical ventilation had a BMI >30 kg/m2 and >35 kg/m2, respectively [22].”
BackgroundPraskurnichy, E. A., Zenkova, S. I., Trigolosova, I., Orlova, O., Elezova, L. I., & Shmakov, N. A. (2022) · The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine · doi:10.20969/vskm.2022.15(6).78-84
Risk Factors and Individual Protection Measures for COVID-19 in Federal Police Officers
Dias, J. A., Chagas, E. B., Detregiachi, C. R. P., Serva, F. M., Biteli, P., Mendes, C. G., Xavier, E. F. D. S., Jorge, C. F. B., Zutin, T. L. M., dos Santos, M. C., et al. (2022) · Hygiene · doi:10.3390/hygiene2040017
Altuwaijri, F., Amshan, K., Alanazi, A. Y., Alanazi, D., Alghofili, H., Altuwaijri, M., Altuwaijri, T. A., & Altoijry, A. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.29513
Infección por SARS-CoV-2 y su impacto en la enfermedad hepática
Fernández, S. S., Medina, P. G., Lafuente, A. A., Vizoso, M. A. B., Trillo, A. Z., Mercadal, G. C., Enrech, G. S., Garcés, M. L., Ruíz, A. G. G., Pastor, O. O., et al. (2022) · Advances in Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1515/almed-2022-0010
NON-SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW: IMPACT OF OBESITY PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN THE SEVERITY OF COVID-19
Virgianti, L., & Istyanto, F. (2022) · MIKIA Mimbar Ilmiah Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (Maternal and Neonatal Health Journal) · doi:10.36696/mikia.v6i1.69 · Cited by 1
Jameel, K., & Eapen, M. (2022) · Global Journal of Anesthesiology · doi:10.17352/2455-3476.000054
Establishment and Evaluation of a Prediction Model of BLR for Severity in Coronavirus Disease 2019
He, Z., Rui, F., Yang, H., Ge, Z., Huang, R., Ying, L., Zhao, H., Wu, C., & Li, J. (2022) · Infectious Diseases & Immunity · doi:10.1097/id9.0000000000000048
“Obesity was also reported as a more serious risk factor for COVID-19 in metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) patients.([18]) The role of obesity cannot be ignored, even though there are few available data on BMI for COVID-19 infected patients.”
Prevalencia de embolia pulmonar en pacientes con infección por COVID-19, abril-diciembre de 2020
Suárez-Poveda, T., Valle, J. S. L., & Lopez, V. A. V. (2021) · Revista colombiana de radiología · doi:10.53903/01212095.147
Akyol, D., Yilmaz, R., & Emir, N. (2021) · Bakirkoy Tip Dergisi / Medical Journal of Bakirkoy · doi:10.4274/bmj.galenos.2021.2021.10-10
“Additionally, some studies have linked increased body mass index (BMI) and obesity with more severe COVID-19 and increased mortality (6-9).”
BackgroundCould obesity be a risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19? Review article
Espinosa, B. L., Sousa, E. B. D. L., Faro, F. M. E., Marques, T. C., Furtado, C. D. C., & de Queiroz, G. D. (2021) · La Revue de medecine · doi:10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v100i5p472-478
Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
Patil, S. (2021) · Pulmonary Embolism [Working Title] · doi:10.5772/intechopen.101047
Chu, X. (2021) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-210191
“5% Zheng, China [84] Retrospective cohort study 66 patients, mean age 47 years Progression to severe COVID-19 Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease 68% Obesity was confirmed as a contributing factor to COVID-19 (p = 0.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Zheng, K. I., Gao, F., Wang, X.-B., Sun, Q.-F., Pan, K.-H., Wang, T.-Y., Ma, H.-L., Chen, Y.-P., Liu, W.-Y., George, J., & Zheng, M.-H.
- Affiliations
- First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (CN)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Wenzhou Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- George, Jacob
- Zheng, Ming-Hua
- Venue
- Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 108
- Pages
- 154244
- ISSN
- 0026-0495 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7166301
- OpenAlex
- W3016610783
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 140
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81500665)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- obesity, COVID-19 severity, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, comorbidities, SARS-CoV-2, disease severity risk factors, metabolic risk factors, respiratory disease risk, hypoxia, innate immunity, lung function, SARS-CoV-2 viral load, SARS-CoV-2 variants
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Pneumonia, Viral, Risk Factors, Coronavirus Infections, Young Adult, Pandemics, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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