Blood brain barrier and inflammation in depression
Open accessAbstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a vital structure to protect the brain, tightly filtering the passage of nutrients and molecules from the blood to the brain. This is critical for maintaining the proper functioning of the brain, and any disruption in the BBB has detrimental consequences often leading to diseases. It is not clear whether disruption of the BBB occurs first in depression or is the consequence of the disease, however disruption of the BBB has been observed in depressed patients and evidence points to the role of important culprits in depression, stress and inflammation in disrupting the integrity of the BBB. The mechanisms whereby stress, and inflammation affect the BBB remain to be fully understood. Yet, the role of cytokines in regulating tight junction protein expression seems crucial. Altogether, the findings in depression suggest that acting at the BBB level might provide therapeutic benefit in depression.
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Peripheral inflammation exacerbates central inflammation (neuroinflammation) through mechanisms including disruption of the blood-brain barrier, immune cellular trafficking, and activation of glial cells.
“Peripheral inflammation exacerbates central inflammation (neuroinflammation) through several mechanisms including disruption of the blood–brain barrier, immune cellular trafficking, and activation of glial cells.”
From Chronic stress, neuroinflammation, and depression: an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging anti-inflammatories (2023) · cites this paper as [4]
The section “Role of inflammation in the increased permeability of the BBB in depression” (page unavailable) reports that inflammation can impair BBB integrity, transmit inflammatory signals and promote leukocyte entry into the brain. It also discusses activated microglia in BBB impairment, but does not clearly establish glial-cell activation as a mechanism by which peripheral inflammation exacerbates neuroinflammation; that part of the claim goes beyond the passage. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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References 141 · Cited by 123
- Authors
- Medina-Rodriguez, E. M., & Beurel, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Corresponding author
- Beurel, Eléonore
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Disease
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-12
- Volume
- 175
- Pages
- 105926
- ISSN
- 0969-9961 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10035601
- OpenAlex
- W4308922649
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 8
- FWCI
- 7.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (MH104656, MH110415)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- blood-brain barrier, depression, neuroinflammation, stress, cytokines, tight junction proteins, blood-brain barrier integrity, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Biological Transport, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Depression, Humans, Inflammation
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