Movement disorders induced by antipsychotic drugs: implications of the CATIE schizophrenia trial.
Open accessAbstract
Drug-induced movement disorders have dramatically declined with the widespread use of second-generation antipsychotics, but remain important in clinical practice and for understanding antipsychotic pharmacology. The diagnosis and management of dystonia, parkinsonism, akathisia, catatonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and tardive dyskinesia are reviewed in relation to the decreased liability of the second-generation antipsychotics contrasted with evidence from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) Schizophrenia Trial. Data from the CATIE trial imply that advantages of second-generation antipsychotics in significantly reducing extrapyramidal side effects compared with haloperidol may be diminished when compared with modest doses of lower-potency first-generation drugs.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Overall, the prevalence of antipsychotic-induced akathisia ranges from 14% to 35% based on studies involving patients treated with antipsychotics.
“Overall, the prevalence of AIA ranges from 14% to 35% based on studies involving patients treated with antipsychotics.3,4,5,6,7”
From Drug Efficacy in the Treatment of Antipsychotic-Induced Akathisia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [3]
The Akathisia section estimates prevalence in routine practice at at least 20% to 35% and reports CATIE rates of 26% to 35%. It supports the general prevalence claim, but not the stated 14% lower bound. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 131 · Cited by 188
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [61]Jaspers K General Psychopathology Manchester, England Manchester University Press 1963
- [92]Casey DE Gerlach J Tardive dyskinesia: what is the long-term outcome? Casey DE Gardos G Tardive Dyskinesia and Neuroleptics: From Dogma to Reason Washington, D.C. American Psychiatric Press, Inc. 1986 76 97
- Authors
- Caroff, S. N., Hurford, I., Lybrand, J., & Campbell, E. C.
- Affiliations
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Neurologic Clinics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-02
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 127-148
- ISSN
- 0733-8619 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3018852
- OpenAlex
- W2149950019
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neurologic Clinics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01mh90001-21-0-0)
- National Institute of Mental Health (N01 MH090001)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Keywords
- drug-induced movement disorders, atypical antipsychotics, typical antipsychotics, haloperidol, extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, catatonia, schizophrenia
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Movement Disorders, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
