Inflammatory markers in AD and MCI patients with different biomarker profiles
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to demonstrate the involvement of the inflammatory proteins IL-6, ACT and CRP early in the pathology process of AD in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.Methods IL-6, ACT, CRP, Abeta42, phospho-tau (p-tau) and total tau concentrations in serum and CSF of 145 patients with probable AD and 67 patients with MCI were measured by sandwich ELISA. MCI patients were characterized as high- respectively low-risk MCI according to their Abeta42/tau risk profile.Results CSF and serum CRP levels were significantly higher in MCI compared to AD patients after adjustment for age, ApoE epsilon4 genotype and cardiovascular diseases (p<0.01). This difference remained present in patients with a low-risk biomarker profile for AD after adjustment for abovementioned covariates. CSF IL-6 levels were also significantly higher in MCI patients with a low-risk CSF profile.Conclusions These findings suggest that inflammatory processes might be involved in early stages of AD, even before Abeta and tau changes are present in CSF of MCI patients.
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Upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines has been observed even before signs of increased Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau in CSF of MCI patients, suggesting that inflammatory processes occur in the early stages of AD.
“Interestingly, the upregulation of such proinflammatory cytokine has been observed even before signs of increased Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau in CSF of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients [101], suggesting that the inflammatory processes had occurred in the early stages of AD.”
From Tau and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: interplay mechanisms and clinical translation (2023) · cites this paper as [101]
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References 31 · Cited by 149
- Authors
- Schuitemaker, A., Dik, M. G., Veerhuis, R., Scheltens, P., Schoonenboom, N. S. M., Hack, C. E., Blankenstein, M. A., & Jonker, C.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Schuitemaker, Alie
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1885-1889
- ISSN
- 0197-4580 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2130631201
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 6.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, inflammation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, amyloid-beta 42, tau protein, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, serum biomarkers, APOE ε4, early Alzheimer's disease
- MeSH terms
- Aged, alpha 1-Antitrypsin, Alzheimer Disease, Analysis of Variance, C-Reactive Protein, Cognition Disorders, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Peptide Fragments, Retrospective Studies, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Amyloid beta-Peptides, tau Proteins
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