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Levels of appraisal: a medial prefrontal role in high-level appraisal of emotional material.

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Kalisch, Raffael, Wiech, Katja, Critchley, Hugo D., Dolan, Raymond J.·2006·NeuroImage

DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.11.011

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Abstract

Appraisal refers to the evaluation of the meaning of emotional stimuli and is considered causal in the generation of an emotional response. Cognitive neuroscience has paid little attention to a theoretical distinction between low-level appraisal, considered to be automatic and preattentive, and high-level appraisal that requires attentional and working memory resources. To disentangle low-level from high-level appraisal, we varied cognitive load in a concurrent, unrelated working memory task, while anxiety was induced through anticipation of impending pain. Confirming theoretical predictions, we show that anxiety-related activity in dorsal medial prefrontal/rostral anterior cingulate cortex (dorsal MPFC/ACC) is attenuated under high, relative to low, cognitive load. Lateral prefrontal regions previously implicated in reappraisal and cognitive emotion regulation show a similar interaction between anxiety and cognitive load. Critically, there were no changes in physiological and subjective measures of low-level appraisal outcome and emotional response generation as a function of load, allowing us to conclude that MPFC/ACC and lateral PFC activity during anticipatory anxiety reflects high-level appraisal. Our data provide neurobiological evidence for a distinction between low-level and high-level appraisal mechanisms.

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Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348 · Cited by 11,929 · cited 1×
“High-level appraisal is an invariable response to consciously perceived emotional stimuli (Epstein and Roupenian, 1970; Gross and John, 2003; Hare, 1966; Houston and Holmes, 1974; Monat et al., 1972).”
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Authors: Kalisch, R., Wiech, K., Critchley, H. D., & Dolan, R. J.
Affiliations: UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
ORCID: Wiech, Katja
Critchley, Hugo D.
Dolan, Raymond J.
Venue: NeuroImage
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-05
Volume: 30
Issue: 4
Pages: 1458-1466
ISSN: 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.11.011
OpenAlex: W2079207266
Cited by: 206
References: 84
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 7.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: emotional appraisal, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, cognitive load, anticipatory anxiety, pain anticipation, working memory, lateral prefrontal cortex, cognitive emotion regulation
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Arousal, Attention, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Emotions, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Nerve Net, Pain, Psychomotor Performance, Serial Learning, Prefrontal Cortex, Imaging, Three-Dimensional

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Levels of appraisal: a medial prefrontal role in high-level appraisal of emotional material.

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