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Cited by 498Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsAdvanced MRI Techniques and ApplicationsFunctional Brain Connectivity Studies

Diffusion MRI at 25: exploring brain tissue structure and function

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Le Bihan, Denis, Johansen-Berg, Heidi·2012·NeuroImage
DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.006PMC PMC3683822
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Abstract

Diffusion MRI (or dMRI) came into existence in the mid-1980s. During the last 25 years, diffusion MRI has been extraordinarily successful (with more than 300,000 entries on Google Scholar for diffusion MRI). Its main clinical domain of application has been neurological disorders, especially for the management of patients with acute stroke. It is also rapidly becoming a standard for white matter disorders, as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can reveal abnormalities in white matter fiber structure and provide outstanding maps of brain connectivity. The ability to visualize anatomical connections between different parts of the brain, non-invasively and on an individual basis, has emerged as a major breakthrough for neurosciences. The driving force of dMRI is to monitor microscopic, natural displacements of water molecules that occur in brain tissues as part of the physical diffusion process. Water molecules are thus used as a probe that can reveal microscopic details about tissue architecture, either normal or in a diseased state.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.006

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  • Many factors, such as cell death, edema, gliosis, inflammation, change in myelination, increase in connectivity of crossing fibers, and increase in extracellular or intracellular water, may cause changes in FA.

    “For example, many factors (e.g., cell death, edema, gliosis, inflammation, change in myelination, increase in connectivity of crossing fibers, increase in extracellular or intracellular water, etc.) may cause changes in FA (Assaf and Pasternak, 2008; Jones et al., 2013; Le Bihan and Johansen-Berg, 2012).”

    From Quantitative mapping of the brain’s structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review (2022) · cites this paper as Le Bihan and Johansen-Berg, 2012

    The sections on diffusion anisotropy in white matter and white matter diseases (pages not provided) say that myelin, fiber arrangement, extracellular water and tissue orientation patterns can affect anisotropy, supporting part of the FA claim. The cell-size section links edema and shifts between intracellular and extracellular spaces to changes in ADC, not specifically FA. Our copy does not establish cell death, gliosis, inflammation, or increased connectivity of crossing fibers as causes of FA changes. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • WM integrity can be affected by many different parameters including axon packing density, axon caliber, myelination, microglia, inflammation, and tissue architecture.

    “This has led to considerable debate, since the inception of DTI, over the biological significance of these DTI-derived measures since WM integrity can be affected by many different parameters including axon packing density, axon caliber, myelination, microglia, inflammation, and tissue architecture (Mori and Zhang, 2006; Le Bihan and Johansen-Berg, 2012; Jones et al., 2013).”

    From The role of myelination in measures of white matter integrity: Combination of diffusion tensor imaging and two-photon microscopy of CLARITY intact brains (2017) · cites this paper as Le Bihan and Johansen-Berg, 2012

    The section on diffusion anisotropy in white matter links the measure to fiber packing, membrane organization, myelin, and tissue orientation; the section on brain development also discusses axon density and diameter. The cited paper supports the broader point that DTI measures have multiple biological influences, but our copy does not identify microglia or inflammation as influences on white-matter integrity or these measures (searched: “microglia” and “inflammation”). No page numbers were provided for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Le Bihan, D., & Johansen-Berg, H.
Venue
NeuroImage
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-06
Volume
61
Issue
2
Pages
324-341
ISSN
1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.006
PMC
PMC3683822
OpenAlex
W1981734795
Cited by
498
References
277
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 8
FWCI
4.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
Wellcome Trust (090955)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Keywords
diffusion MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, brain connectivity, acute stroke, neurological disorders
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Brain Diseases, Cell Membrane, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Neural Pathways, Water, Anisotropy, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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