The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Time-frequency mixed-norm estimates: Sparse M/EEG imaging with non-stationary source activations
Open accessAbstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) allow functional brain imaging with high temporal resolution. While solving the inverse problem independently at every time point can give an image of the active brain at every millisecond, such a procedure does not capitalize on the temporal dynamics of the signal. Linear inverse methods (minimum-norm, dSPM, sLORETA, beamformers) typically assume that the signal is stationary: regularization parameter and data covariance are independent of time and the time varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Other recently proposed non-linear inverse solvers promoting focal activations estimate the sources in both space and time while also assuming stationary sources during a time interval. However such a hypothesis holds only for short time intervals. To overcome this limitation, we propose time-frequency mixed-norm estimates (TF-MxNE), which use time-frequency analysis to regularize the ill-posed inverse problem. This method makes use of structured sparse priors defined in the time-frequency domain, offering more accurate estimates by capturing the non-stationary and transient nature of brain signals. State-of-the-art convex optimization procedures based on proximal operators are employed, allowing the derivation of a fast estimation algorithm. The accuracy of the TF-MxNE is compared with recently proposed inverse solvers with help of simulations and by analyzing publicly available MEG datasets.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Sparsity is often assumed to avoid over-fitting in inverse problems, and has increasing applications in signal and image processing (43, 50–54).”
From Electrophysiological source imaging: A noninvasive window to brain dynamics (2018) · cites this paper as [53]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso
Tibshirani, R. (1996) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x · Cited by 51,482
Daubechies, I. C., & Heil, C. (1992) · Computers in Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4823127 · Cited by 16,353
Daubechies, I. (1992) · doi:10.1137/1.9781611970104 · Cited by 15,979
A Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm for Linear Inverse Problems
Beck, A., & Teboulle, M. (2009) · SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences · doi:10.1137/080716542 · Cited by 11,952
De-noising by soft-thresholding
Donoho, D. L. (1995) · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/18.382009 · Cited by 9,655
Atomic Decomposition by Basis Pursuit
Chen, S. S., Donoho, D. L., & Saunders, M. A. (1998) · SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing · doi:10.1137/s1064827596304010 · Cited by 6,734
Габор, Д. (1946) · Journal of the IEE · Cited by 5,036
Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA): technical details.
Pascual-Marqui, R. D. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 3,329
Van Veen, B. D., Van Drongelen, W., Yuchtman, M., & Suzuki, A. (1997) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.623056 · Cited by 2,561
Dale, A. M., & Sereno, M. I. (1993) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1993.5.2.162 · Cited by 2,003
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 49 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–231 of 231
Vega‐Hernández, M., Sánchez‐Bornot, J. M., Pérez-Hidalgo-Gato, J., Iglesias, J. E. A., Martínez‐Montes, E., & Valdes-Sosa, P. A. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 1
Paz-Linares, D., Gonzalez-Moreira, E., Areces-González, A., Wang, Y., Li, M., Martínez‐Montes, E., Bringas-Vega, M. L., Valdés-Sosa, M. J., & Valdes-Sosa, P. A. (2022) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.20254563 · Cited by 1
Differentially Private Multimodal Laplacian Dropout (Dp-Mld) for Eeg Representative LearningPreprint
Fu, X., Wang, B., Guo, X., Liu, G., & Xiang, Y. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4990230 · Cited by 1
Cortical spatiotemporal plasticity in visual category learning
Xu, Y. (2013) · KiltHub Repository · doi:10.1184/r1/6715415
Grouped sparse signal reconstruction using non-convex regularizers
Samarasinghe, K. M., & Fan, H. H. (2014) · IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing · doi:10.1109/globalsip.2014.7032168
Structured sparse-low rank matrix factorization for the EEG inverse problem
Montoya-Martínez, J., Artés-Rodrı́guez, A., & Pontil, M. (2014) · International Workshop on Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) · doi:10.1109/cip.2014.6844505
Martinez-Vargas, J. D., Castaño-Candamil, S., & Castellanos-Dominguez, G. (2014) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6944202
Chaudhuri, A., & Routray, A. (2016) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591625
vibroEEG: Improved EEG source reconstruction by combined acoustic-electric imaging
Tsizin, E., Medvedovsky, M., & Bronstein, K. A. (2018) · IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) · doi:10.1109/isbi.2018.8363786
Koval, A., & Мінка, С. В. (2018) · Vehicle and Electronics Innovative Technologies · doi:10.30977/veit.2018.14.0.4
Current source reconstructing and magnetic imaging of cardiac electrical activity during P-wave
Zhou, D., Jiang, S.-Q., Zhao, C., & Leeuwen, P. V. (2019) · Acta Physica Sinica · doi:10.7498/aps.68.20190005
A Versatile Validation Framework for ERP and Oscillatory Brain Source Localization Using FieldTrip
Fisca, L. L., & Gosselin, B. H. (2021) · International Conference on Biometric Engineering and Applications (ICBEA) · doi:10.1145/3476779.3476781
MEGPreprint
Paz-Linares, D., Gonzalez-Moreira, E., Areces-González, A., Wang, Y., Li, M., Martínez‐Montes, E., Bringas-Vega, M. L., Valdés-Sosa, M. J., & Valdes-Sosa, P. A. (2022) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.20254563.v1
Predicting Text-To-Speech Quality using Brain Activity
Rhenaldy, Karenza, L. S., Parmonangan, I. H., & Kurniadi, F. I. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things and Intelligence Systems (IoTaIS) · doi:10.1109/iotais56727.2022.9975857
Knösche, T. R., & Haueisen, J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74918-7_6
Self-citationEmbeddings for Motor Imagery Classification
Langlois, Q., & Jodogne, S. (2024) · Machine learning for signal processing ... · doi:10.1109/mlsp58920.2024.10734730
Negi, A., Haufe, S., Gramfort, A., & Hashemi, A. B. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2026.3716156
Self-citationHe, M., Das, P., Beck, A. M., Hotan, G. C., & Purdon, P. L. (2024) · Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (ACSSC) · doi:10.1109/ieeeconf60004.2024.10942699
Kong, W., & Jin, X. (2025) · Brain informatics and health · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-4512-1_6
Convolutive Sparse Decomposition in Inverse Problems: A Sensor Space Approach
Malagnoux, J.-B., & Kowalski, M. (2025) · International Conference on Sampling Theory and Applications · doi:10.1109/sampta64769.2025.11133530
Self-citationHow Robust Are fMRI- and EEG-Based Representational Similarity Analysis?
Sarma, S. S., Boruah, G., & Srivastava, N. (2025) · Computational Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1007/s42113-025-00257-5
The Average Reward Rate Modulates Behavioral and Neural Indices of Effortful Control AllocationPreprint
Otto, A. R., Lin, H., Inzlicht, M., & Ristic, J. (2023) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
Early Maturation of Functional Connectivity within Dorsal Brain Networks
Ciesielski, K. T. R., Khan, S., Dijk, K. R. A. V., Hämäläinen, M., & Rosen, B. R. (2026) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1177/21580014261421825
Self-citationAdvances in automating analysis of neural time series data
Jas, M. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/71349a7fzd870z427cz8095z9dcde63e0b12
Enabling real-world EEG applications with deep learning
Banville, H. J. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/12e08edaz0021z43fbzb6adz07d315fc6ee2
Localisation de sources oscillatoires cérébrales à partir d'enregistrements (S)EEG
Hernández-Castañón, V. D. R. (2023) · doi:10.70675/26674eb9ze7a2z48bcz8ddcz2c5941097fd3
Aud'hui, M., Kachenoura, A., Albera, L., Merlet, I., Berraute, P., Yochum, M., Bogaert, P. V., Kuchenbuch, M., & Benquet, P. (2026) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-026-01195-6
Metadata
- Authors
- Gramfort, A., Strohmeier, D., Haueisen, J., Hämäläinen, M. S., & Kowalski, M.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Technische Universität Ilmenau (DE)
- Harvard University (US)
- Supélec (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Gramfort, A.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 70
- Pages
- 410-422
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3615257
- OpenAlex
- W2090530235
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 11
- FWCI
- 11.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (P41 RR014075-11)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (5R01EB009048, R01 EB006385)
- German Research Foundation (Ha 2899/8-2)
- French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (ViMAGINEANR-08-BLAN-0250-02)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Mathematical Physics › Numerical methods in inverse problems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques
- Keywords
- sparse priors, convex optimization, proximal operator, ill-posed inverse problems, MEG, EEG
- MeSH terms
- Electroencephalography, Humans, Models, Neurological, Time Factors, Magnetoencephalography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review