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Cited by 59Neuropeptides and Animal PhysiologyStress Responses and CortisolRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

Galanin mediates features of neural and behavioral stress resilience afforded by exercise

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Sciolino, N.R., Smith, J.M., Stranahan, A.M., Freeman, K.G., Edwards, G.L., Weinshenker, D., Holmes, P.V.·2015·Neuropharmacology
DOI 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.09.029PMC PMC4250306
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Abstract

Exercise promotes resilience to stress and increases galanin in the locus coeruleus (LC), but the question of whether changes in galanin signaling mediate the stress-buffering effects of exercise has never been addressed. To test the contributions of galanin to stress resilience, male Sprague Dawley rats received intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannulation for drug delivery and frontocortical cannulation for microdialysis, and were housed with or without a running wheel for 21d. Rats were acutely injected with vehicle or the galanin receptor antagonist M40 and exposed to a single session of either footshock or no stress. Other groups received galanin, the galanin receptor antagonist M40, or vehicle chronically for 21d prior to the stress session. Microdialysis sampling occurred during stress exposure and anxiety-related behavior was measured on the following day in the elevated plus maze. Dendritic spines were visualized by Golgi impregnation in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pyramidal neurons and quantified. Exercise increased galanin levels in the LC. Under non-stressed conditions, anxiety-related behavior and dopamine levels were comparable between exercised and sedentary rats. In contrast, exposure to stress reduced open arm exploration in sedentary rats but not in exercise rats or those treated chronically with ICV galanin, indicating improved resilience. Both exercise and chronic, ICV galanin prevented the increased dopamine overflow and loss of dendritic spines observed after stress in sedentary rats. Chronic, but not acute M40 administration blocked the resilience-promoting effects of exercise. The results indicate that increased galanin levels promote features of resilience at both behavioral and neural levels.

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  • Physical exercise can be protective during stress by increasing the expression of galanin in the locus coeruleus, which reduces locus coeruleus firing, decreases stress-induced catecholamine release and protects PFC spines.

    “Physical exercise can be protective during stress by increasing the expression of galanin in the locus coeruleus, which reduces locus coeruleus firing, decreases stress-induced catecholamine release and protects PFC spines89.”

    From Stress weakens prefrontal networks: molecular insults to higher cognition (2015) · cites this paper as [89]

    Results §3.1.1 reports increased galanin mRNA in the locus coeruleus of exercised rats, and the Discussion reports that exercise and galanin treatment protected against stress-related mPFC spine loss. Results §3.2.3 also reports reduced stress-evoked frontal-cortex dopamine after exercise, but says this effect was independent of galanin. The paper does not establish reduced locus coeruleus firing or the claimed causal chain from LC galanin to reduced catecholamine release and spine protection; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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References 94 · Cited by 59

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Authors
Sciolino, N. R., Smith, J. M., Stranahan, A. M., Freeman, K. G., Edwards, G. L., Weinshenker, D., & Holmes, P. V.
Affiliations
  • University of Georgia (US)
  • Augusta University (US)
  • Emory University (US)
Corresponding author
Holmes, P.V.
ORCID
Venue
Neuropharmacology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-02
Volume
89
Pages
255-264
ISSN
0028-3908 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.09.029
PMC
PMC4250306
OpenAlex
W2090764528
Cited by
59
References
94
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 1
FWCI
2.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Neuropharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA027535, DA027535A)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R03DK101817)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
galanin, stress resilience, physical activity, locus coeruleus, anxiety-like behavior, elevated plus maze, dopamine release, dendritic spines, medial prefrontal cortex, footshock stress, running wheel, neuroplasticity
MeSH terms
Animals, Anxiety, Brain, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Disease Models, Animal, Electroshock, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Exploratory Behavior, Male, Neurons, Peptide Fragments, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Stress, Psychological, Silver Staining, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Microdialysis, Maze Learning, Galanin, Rats, Infusions, Intraventricular

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