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Affective learning enhances activity and functional connectivity in early visual cortex
Open accessAbstract
This study examined the impact of task-irrelevant affective information on early visual processing regions V1-V4. Fearful and neutral faces presented with rings of different colors were used as stimuli. During the conditioning phase, fearful faces presented with a certain ring color (e.g., black) were paired with mild electrical stimulation. Neutral faces shown with rings of that color, as well as fearful or neutral faces shown with another ring color (e.g., white), were never paired with shock. Our findings revealed that fearful faces evoked enhanced blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in V1 and V4 compared to neutral faces. Faces embedded in a color ring that was paired with shock (e.g., black) evoked greater BOLD responses in V1-V4 compared to a ring color that was never paired with shock (e.g., white). Finally, BOLD responses in early visual cortex were tightly interrelated (i.e., correlated) during an affectively potent context (i.e., ring color) but not during a neutral one, suggesting that increased functional integration was present with affective learning. Taken together, the results suggest that task-irrelevant affective information not only influences evoked responses in early, retinotopically organized visual cortex, but also determines the pattern of responses across early visual cortex.
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Attention for liking is a powerful mechanism that automatically draws resources to stimuli with intrinsic emotional or conditioned associations.
“Although not guided by reliability or expected information, this form of attention is a powerful mechanism, which automatically draws resources to stimuli that have intrinsic emotional or conditioned associations (Damaraju et al., 2009; Flagel et al., 2011; Hickey et al., 2010a, b; Hogarth et al., 2010; Libera and Chelazzi, 2009; Vuilleumier, 2005).”
From Attention, learning, and the value of information (2012) · cites this paper as Damaraju et al., 2009
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References 51 · Cited by 53
Metadata
- Authors
- Damaraju, E., Huang, Y.-M., Barrett, L. F., & Pessoa, L.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Boston College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Yang-Ming
- Venue
- Neuropsychologia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2480-2487
- ISSN
- 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2712580
- OpenAlex
- W2170580779
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- American Philosophical Society
- National Institutes of Health (DP1OD003312)
- National Institute on Aging (AG030311, R01AG030311)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH071589, R01MH071589)
- Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- affective learning, early visual cortex, fear conditioning, fearful faces, functional connectivity, BOLD signal, retinotopic organization, emotional face processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, Color Perception, Face, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Young Adult
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