Effect of acute dietary nitrate intake on maximal knee extensor speed and power in healthy men and women
Open accessAbstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been demonstrated to enhance the maximal shortening velocity and maximal power of rodent muscle. Dietary nitrate (NO3(-)) intake has been demonstrated to increase NO bioavailability in humans. We therefore hypothesized that acute dietary NO3(-) intake (in the form of a concentrated beetroot juice (BRJ) supplement) would improve muscle speed and power in humans. To test this hypothesis, healthy men and women (n = 12; age = 22-50 y) were studied using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. After an overnight fast, subjects ingested 140 mL of BRJ either containing or devoid of 11.2 mmol of NO3(-). After 2 h, knee extensor contractile function was assessed using a Biodex 4 isokinetic dynamometer. Breath NO levels were also measured periodically using a Niox Mino analyzer as a biomarker of whole-body NO production. No significant changes in breath NO were observed in the placebo trial, whereas breath NO rose by 61% (P < 0.001; effect size = 1.19) after dietary NO3(-) intake. This was accompanied by a 4% (P < 0.01; effect size = 0.74) increase in peak knee extensor power at the highest angular velocity tested (i.e., 6.28 rad/s). Calculated maximal knee extensor power was therefore greater (i.e., 7.90 ± 0.59 vs. 7.44 ± 0.53 W/kg; P < 0.05; effect size = 0.63) after dietary NO3(-) intake, as was the calculated maximal velocity (i.e., 14.5 ± 0.9 vs. 13.1 ± 0.8 rad/s; P < 0.05; effect size = 0.67). No differences in muscle function were observed during 50 consecutive knee extensions performed at 3.14 rad/s. We conclude that acute dietary NO3(-) intake increases whole-body NO production and muscle speed and power in healthy men and women.
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A single high-nitrate bolus (11.2 mmol) improved isokinetic knee extensor torque at very high angular velocities (360°/s).
“A single, high-NO 3 -bolus (11.2 mmol) has been shown to improve isokinetic knee extensor torque at very high angular velocities (360 • s -1 ) (28)”
From Dietary Nitrate and Physical Performance (2018) · cites this paper as [28]
The Methods describe a single 11.2 mmol nitrate dose and testing at 360°/s. The Results report that peak torque at that velocity only tended to increase (P=0.12); the increase was significant when torque was expressed relative to maximal isometric torque. The claim omits that distinction. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNO3− supplementation can enhance force production during voluntary and evoked isometric assessments and isokinetic voluntary knee extensor power and velocity.
“There is some evidence that NO3− supplementation can enhance force production during voluntary and evoked isometric assessments [73,95,96] and isokinetic voluntary knee extensor power and velocity [97].”
From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [97]
Enhanced skeletal muscle contractile function has been observed during electrically stimulated contractions, and enhanced peak power output has been observed during isokinetic dynamometry and cycling exercise.
“Consistent with the potential for improved weightlifting exercise performance after NO3− supplementation, enhanced skeletal muscle contractile function has been observed during electrically stimulated contractions [95,96,103], and enhanced peak power output has been observed during isokinetic dynamometry [97,123,128] and cycling [45,57,60,129,130,131,132,133] exercise.”
From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [97]
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References 41 · Cited by 159
- Authors
- Coggan, A. R., Leibowitz, J. L., Kadkhodayan, A., Thomas, D. P., Ramamurthy, S., Spearie, C. A., Waller, S., Farmer, M., & Peterson, L. R.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Coggan, Andrew R.
- Venue
- Nitric Oxide
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-08
- Volume
- 48
- Pages
- 16-21
- ISSN
- 1089-8603 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4362985
- OpenAlex
- W1979118907
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 20.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nitric Oxide (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) (UL1 TR000448)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- dietary nitrate, beetroot juice, nitric oxide bioavailability, knee extensor power, muscle shortening velocity, isokinetic strength, muscle contractility
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Biological Availability, Female, Humans, Knee Joint, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Contraction, Nitrates, Nitric Oxide, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fatigue, Torque, Dietary Supplements, Muscle Strength, Young Adult
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