The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Man enough? Masculine discrepancy stress and intimate partner violence
Open accessAbstract
Research on gender roles suggests that men who strongly adhere to traditional masculine gender norms are at increased risk for the perpetration of violent and abusive acts toward their female intimate partners. Yet, gender norms alone fail to provide a comprehensive explanation of the multifaceted construct of intimate partner violence (IPV) and there is theoretical reason to suspect that men who fail to conform to masculine roles may equally be at risk for IPV. In the present study, we assessed effect of masculine discrepancy stress, a form of distress arising from perceived failure to conform to socially-prescribed masculine gender role norms, on IPV. Six-hundred men completed online surveys assessing their experience of discrepancy stress, masculine gender role norms, and history of IPV. Results indicated that masculine discrepancy stress significantly predicted men's historical perpetration of IPV independent of other masculinity related variables. Findings are discussed in terms of potential distress engendered by masculine socialization as well as putative implications of gender role discrepancy stress for understanding and intervening in partner violence perpetrated by men.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“When masculinity feels tenuous, men may resort to psychologically aggressive behaviors to reassert power or control (Reidy et al., 2014; Türkoğlu, 2013; Vandello & Bosson, 2013).”
From Psychological Intimate Partner Violence Across Identities: Preliminary Psychometrics of the Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse-Short Form Among Heterosexual, Lesbian, and Bisexual Samples in Türkiye (2026) · cites this paper as Reidy et al., 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A New Source of Inexpensive, Yet High-Quality, Data?
Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610393980 · Cited by 9,996
The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): Development and Preliminary Psychometric Data
STRAUS, M. A., HAMBY, S. L., BONEY-McCOY, S., & SUGARMAN, D. B. (1996) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/019251396017003001 · Cited by 6,923
Sexual Behavior in the Human Male
Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. R., & Martin, C. E. (1948) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/28.2.93 · Cited by 5,577
Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: a meta-analytic review
Archer, J. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.651 · Cited by 2,507
Hard won and easily lost: a review and synthesis of theory and research on precarious manhood
Vandello, J. A., & Bosson, J. K. (2013) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0029826 · Cited by 871
O'Neil, J. M. (2008) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000008317057 · Cited by 721
The gender role strain paradigm: An update.
Pleck, J. H. (1995) · Cited by 701
Wilson, N. K., Dobash, R. E., & Dobash, R. P. (1982) · The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) · doi:10.2307/1143044 · Cited by 698
The Structure of Male Role Norms
Thompson, E. H., & Pleck, J. H. (1986) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/000276486029005003 · Cited by 675
Eisler, R. M., & Skidmore, J. R. (1987) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455870112001 · Cited by 546
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Moore, 2008, Domains of masculine gender role stress and intimate partner violence in clinical sample of violent men, Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 9, 82, 10.1037/1524-9220.9.2.82 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–159 of 159
Reis, E. S., Moleiro, C., & Arriaga, P. (2023) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-2022-0036 · Cited by 2
Rizzo, A. J., Scaglione, N. M., Lowe, A., & Kan, M. L. (2024) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605241303951 · Cited by 2
The paradox of privilege: The downsides of masculinity for men and organizations
Martin, A. E., & Yoo, S. J. (2025) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2025.100226 · Cited by 3
Wuest, J., O’Donnell, S., Scott-Storey, K. A., Vincent, C. D., & Malcolm, J. (2025) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.70040 · Cited by 2
Bahri, J. (2019) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681994.2019.1617415 · Cited by 2
Reidy, D. E., D’Inverno, A. S., Bogen, K. W., Swahn, M. H., & Jacobs, G. M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62122-7_166-1 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSchofield, T., & Bailey, R. K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55864-2_11 · Cited by 2
Kanyemba, R., & Naidu, M. (2022) · Journal of Contemporary African Studies · doi:10.1080/02589001.2023.2177261 · Cited by 1
Jahan, I., Naomi, S. S., Hassan, R., Hasan, I., & Rashid, S. F. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-2098-9_5 · Cited by 1
Shaked, O. Z., Baum, N., & Levant, R. F. (2025) · The Journal of Men s Studies · doi:10.1177/10608265251358766 · Cited by 1
Boxall, H. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91957-2_7 · Cited by 1
Willoughby, B., Smit, K., Wilson, I. M., Gilchrist, G., & Laslett, A. (2026) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.70358 · Cited by 1
Extine, M., & Harrison, K. (2026) · Qualitative Market Research An International Journal · doi:10.1108/qmr-09-2024-0195 · Cited by 1
Crane, C. A., Berbary, C. M., Schlauch, R. C., & Easton, C. J. (2020) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838020946807 · Cited by 1
Erkek Cinsiyet Rolü Stresi Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Türkoğlu, B. (2024) · Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.31682/ayna.1337423 · Cited by 1
Exploring Predictors of Female-Perpetrated Sexual Violence Using the Confluence Model
Bettinelli, M., Korovich, M., Nicoletti, A., Shank, F., Angelone, D. J., & Jones, M. C. (2025) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605251338787 · Cited by 1
Dlaza, Z., & Marais, R. (2025) · Transformation in Higher Education · doi:10.4102/the.v10i0.492 · Cited by 1
Gender Role Discrepancy, Discrepancy Stress, and Family Resilience of Minangkabau Family
Mukhlisah, N., & Pudjiati, S. R. R. (2021) · Tazkiya Journal of Psychology · doi:10.15408/tazkiya.v9i2.21861 · Cited by 1
Exploring Peace Perspectives Through the Lens of Gender Inequality
Loew, D. J. (2021) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8547-4.ch024 · Cited by 1
Cooney, C. C., Richards, E. C., & Dardis, C. M. (2023) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2023.2174468 · Cited by 1
Intimate Partner Violence: Gendered Discourses Within a Human Context
Hopkins, S. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse · doi:10.29173/cjfy29346 · Cited by 1
Manhood/Honor Culture and Its Impact on the Queer Community
MacLennan-Matthews, N. S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85493-5_2197-1 · Cited by 1
Demirtaş, E. T., & Zurnacı, B. (2026) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-026-03422-4
“…significant positive associations with several subdimensions of psychological IPV perpetration in Study 4, a pattern consistent with previous research highlighting the role of masculine insecurity in aggressive behaviors within intimate relationships (e.g., Reidy et al., 2014; Türkoğlu, 2013).”
Stressful Scriptures: Gender Role Ideology, Gender Role Stress, and Christian Religiosity
Lommers-Johnson, T. A. (2016) · Scholarship - Claremont (Claremont Colleges)
Police Stress and Intimate Partner Violence
Ferraro, L. M. (2016) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
Harris, M. R. D. (2017) · Saint Mary's University Institutional Repository (Saint Mary's University)
Kwaadsteniet, N. D. (2017) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
Exploring Peace Perspectives Through the Lens of Gender Inequality
Loew, D. J. (2018) · Advances in public policy and administration (APPA) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-3001-5.ch020
Gender Differences in Sense of Entitlement and Dating Abuse Perpetration
Warrener, C. (2019) · Violence and Gender · doi:10.1089/vio.2019.0039
Riley, C., & Yamawaki, N. (2020) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-d-19-00148
Strah, B. M. (2020) · doi:10.17760/d20398295
Migratory Consequences of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Armenia
Vartikyan, A., & Դեմիրճյան, Մ. (2022) · Journal of Sociology Bulletin of Yerevan University · doi:10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.1.066
Disuguaglianze e violenza di genere ai tempi del Covid-19: attualità delle proposte dal Piano Colao
Camussi, E., Visintini, L. G., Sbarra, M. L., & Sassi, C. (2022) · TERAPIA FAMILIARE · doi:10.3280/tf2022-129003
Nankivell, M. E., van Antwerpen, N., Turnbull, D. A., Gill, T. K., Martin, S., & Opozda, M. J. (2022) · International Journal of Men s Social and Community Health · doi:10.22374/ijmsch.v5isp2.96
Gender Differences in Negotiations
Kugler, K. G., Reif, J. A. M., & Mazei, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192897114.013.22
An Integrated, Multi-Level Approach to Interpersonal Aggression and Family Violence
Michalski, J. H. (2024) · Athens Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.30958/ajss.11-2-1
Epidemiology of Interpersonal Physical Violence in Chile: A 20-year Analysis (2003–2022)
Hermosilla, C., Morales, A. C., Herrera-Toro, I., Casas, C. K., Argandoña-Ocampos, P., Hernández-Salazar, D., & del Valle-Maureira, A. M. (2024) · Panamerican Journal of Trauma Critical Care & Emergency Surgery · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10030-1442
Younas, F., Mahmood, S., & Qayyum, S. (2023) · Applied Psychology Review · doi:10.32350/apr.22.01
Jahan, I., Naomi, S. S., Hassan, R., Hasan, I., & Rashid, S. F. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-9265-0_5-1
Pang, T., Limbrick, H., & Eberhardt, J. (2024) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-024-02375-z
تنمر الزوج ضد الزوجة وعلاقته بالتوافق الأسرى كما تدركه عينة من الزوجات السعوديات
العيد, ه. ب. ع. ا. (2024) · مجلة الاقتصاد المنزلي · doi:10.21608/jhe.2024.435212
Fentem, A., Stoneking, F. R., & Messman, B. (2025) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605251368920
Tomar, S., Baker, H., Amani, H., Iredell, K., Moussa, K. B., Nouhou, A. M., Gayles, J., Reed, E., Kiene, S. M., Lundgren, R., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0333677
Summerell, E., O’Dean, S., Wong, I., & Denson, T. F. (2025) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2025.102109
The Effects of Adolescent Sexual Offending Group Therapy on Shame, Masculinity, and Self-CompassionPreprint
Pascoe, R. V., Craig, S. L., Levenson, J. S., Begun, S., & Yoder, J. R. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8207709/v1
Li, H., Hou, Y., Wang, J., & Yang, D. (2025) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.70103
Rueden, H., Edison, B., Austin, C., Zydel, R., Temple, J. R., & Reidy, D. E. (2026) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.70098
Self-citationBaek, S., & Yoon, J. (2026) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2026.108619
Ribeiro, S. (2025) · Cronfa (Swansea University) · doi:10.23889/suthesis.71300
Nyoni, P., Gibbs, A., Mkhwanazi, S., & Tomita, A. M. (2026) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2026.2635751
Lorenzetti, L., Jamal, O., Wang, Q., & Mancey, A. (2026) · NORMA · doi:10.1080/18902138.2026.2626189
Moderating Role of Gender on Attachment Insecurity and Dating Violence Among Youth
Ahmad, N., Bhatia, H., Jahan, A., & Kaloiya, G. S. (2026) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605261429554
The Lived Experience of Men in Chaotic and Violent Relationships
Arrigo, J., Fitzpatrick, S., & McCormack, L. (2026) · Family Sciences · doi:10.3390/famsci2020011
Masculinity Trouble in Intimate Partner Violence: A Mixed Methods Analysis of the Case of France
Macé, É., Bergouignan, C., Delaunay, M., Kersuzan, C., & Rebière, N. (2026) · Social Politics International Studies in Gender State & Society · doi:10.1093/sp/jxag010
Dating Violence Among Adolescents With Disabilities: A Systematic Scoping Review
Matejko, E., Rice, J. G., & Kjaran, J. I. (2026) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1002/jad.70240
Progressive Masculinity Pays Off: Positive Reactions to New Male Norms
Aksu, A., Koç, Y., Borinca, I., & Otten, S. (2026) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.70308
Metadata
- Authors
- Reidy, D. E., Berke, D. S., Gentile, B., & Zeichner, A.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reidy, Dennis E.
- Venue
- Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 68
- Pages
- 160-164
- ISSN
- 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5868426
- OpenAlex
- W2085932262
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 8.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- intimate partner violence, masculinity, gender socialization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review