The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The role of pain coping strategies in prognosis after whiplash injury: Passive coping predicts slowed recovery
Abstract
Pain coping strategies are associated with pain severity, psychological distress and physical functioning in populations with persistent pain. However, there is little evidence regarding the relationship between coping styles and recovery from recent musculoskeletal injuries. We performed a large, population-based prospective cohort study of traffic injuries to assess the relationship between pain coping strategies and recovery from whiplash injuries. Subjects were initially assessed within 6 weeks of the injury, with structured telephone interview follow-up at 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-injury. Coping was measured at 6 weeks using the Pain Management Inventory and recovery was assessed at each subsequent follow-up period, using a global self-report question. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models showed that early use of passive coping strategies was independently associated with slower recovery. Depressive symptomatology (CES-D) was an effect modifier of this relationship. Without depressive symptomatology, those using high levels of passive coping recovered 37% slower than those using low levels of passive coping (HRR=0.63; 95% CI 0.44-0.91). However, in the presence of depressive symptomatology, those using high levels of passive coping recovered 75% more slowly than those who coped less passively (HRR=0.25; 95% CI 0.17-0.39). In other words, those with depressive symptoms but who used few passive coping strategies recovered four times more quickly than those with depressive symptoms who used high levels of passive coping. Active coping showed no independent association with recovery. These findings highlight the importance of early assessment of both coping behaviors and depressive symptomatology.
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“GET, exercises with a behavioural approach, CBT, Coping Strategies, Psychological Flexibility, and V.R. had positive effects on pain reduction compared to usual care (Table 2) [18, 26, 27, 29, 30, 33]. Web-BCPA, EFT, matching therapy to psychological features, and physical cognitive-mindfulness did not affect reducing pain intensity.”
From A Scoping Review of the Evidence regarding Assessment and Management of Psychological Features of Shoulder Pain. (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
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Course and Prognostic Factors for Neck Pain in Whiplash-Associated Disorders (WAD)
Carroll, L., Holm, L. W., Hogg‐Johnson, S., Côté, P., Cassidy, J. D., Haldeman, S., Nordin, M. C., Hurwitz, E. L., Carragee, E. J., van der Velde, G., et al. (2008) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0b013e3181643eb8 · Cited by 645
Self-citationCourse and prognostic factors of whiplash: A systematic review and meta-analysis ☆
Kamper, S. J., Rebbeck, T. J., Maher, C. G., McAuley, J. H., & Sterling, M. M. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.02.019 · Cited by 324
Course and Prognostic Factors for Neck Pain in Whiplash-Associated Disorders (WAD)
Carroll, L., Holm, L. W., Hogg‐Johnson, S., Côté, P., Cassidy, J. D., Haldeman, S., Nordin, M. C., Hurwitz, E. L., Carragee, E. J., van der Velde, G., et al. (2009) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2008.11.014 · Cited by 245
Self-citationCoping with pain: A motivational perspective
Damme, S. V., Crombez, G., & Eccleston, C. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.07.022 · Cited by 204
Edwards, R. R., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Smith, M. T., Klick, B., & Katz, J. N. (2009) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2009/273783 · Cited by 202
Metadata
- Authors
- Carroll, L. J., Cassidy, D. J., & Côté, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- University Health Network (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Carroll, Linda J.
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 18-26
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2051732837
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 7.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- pain coping, whiplash injury, passive coping, active coping, recovery time, depressive symptoms, road traffic injuries, musculoskeletal injuries, effect modification
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Depression, Disability Evaluation, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Pain Measurement, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Whiplash Injuries, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Proportional Hazards Models, Disease Progression, Recovery of Function
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