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Cited by 295Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Fear of movement and (re) injury in chronic musculoskeletal pain: Evidence for an invariant two-factor model of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia across pain diagnoses and Dutch, Swedish, and Canadian samples

Roelofs, Jeffrey, Sluiter, Judith K., Frings-Dresen, Monique H.W., Goossens, Mariëlle, Thibault, Pascal, Boersma, Katja, Vlaeyen, Johan W.S.·2007·Pain
DOI 10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.008
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Abstract

The aims of the current study were twofold. First, the factor structure, reliability (i.e., internal consistency), and validity (i.e., concurrent criterion validity) of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), a measure of fear of movement and (re)injury, were investigated in a Dutch sample of patients with work-related upper extremity disorders (study 1). More specifically, examination of the factor structure involved a test of three competitive models: the one-factor model of all 17 TSK items, a one-factor model of the TSK (Woby SR, Roach NK, Urmston M, Watson P. Psychometric properties of the TSK-11: a shortened version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. Pain 2005;117:137-44.), and a two-factor model of the TSK-11. Second, invariance of the aforementioned TSK models was examined in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions (i.e., work-related upper extremity disorders, chronic low back pain, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis) from The Netherlands, Sweden, and Canada was assessed (study 2). Results from study 1 showed that the two-factor model of the TSK-11 consisting of 'somatic focus' (TSK-SF) and 'activity avoidance' (TSK-AA) had the best fit. The TSK factors showed reasonable internal consistency, and were modestly but significantly related to disability, supporting the concurrent criterion validity of the TSK scales. Results from study 2 showed that the two-factor model of the TSK-11 was invariant across pain diagnoses and Dutch, Swedish, and Canadian samples. Altogether, we consider the TSK-11 and its two subscales a psychometrically sound instrument of fear of movement and (re)injury and recommend to use this measure in future research as well as in clinical settings.

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References 34 · Cited by 295

Authors
Roelofs, J., Sluiter, J. K., Frings-Dresen, M. H. W., Goossens, M., Thibault, P., Boersma, K., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S.
Affiliations
  • Maastricht University (NL)
  • Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
  • Université de Montréal (CA)
  • Örebro University (SE)
Corresponding author
Roelofs, Jeffrey
ORCID
Venue
Pain
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2007-09
Volume
131
Issue
1
Pages
181-190
ISSN
0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.008
OpenAlex
W2169479134
Cited by
295
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 15
FWCI
9.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Pain (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
  • Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
kinesiophobia, fear of reinjury, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, factor structure, measurement invariance, chronic musculoskeletal pain, chronic low back pain, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, somatic focus, activity avoidance, psychometric properties, disability
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Canada, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Musculoskeletal Diseases, Netherlands, Pain, Pain Measurement, Phobic Disorders, Recurrence, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Sweden, Wounds and Injuries, Reproducibility of Results, Evidence-Based Medicine

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