Functional genomics and the biosynthesis of artemisinin
Abstract
Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide derived from the glandular secretory trichomes (GSTs) of Artemisia annua, provides the basis for the most effective treatments of malaria. The biology and biochemistry of GSTs of the Asteraceae and their biosynthesis of isoprenoids is reviewed. Recent efforts to understand the biosynthesis of artemisinin in A. annua GSTs are discussed in detail. This includes the development in the authors' laboratory of an expressed sequence tag (EST) approach to identifying the relevant biosynthetic genes using isolated GST as a source of mRNA. This has lead to the isolation of a cDNA encoding CYP71AV1, a multifunctional cytochrome P450 which catalyzes multiple oxidations of the sesquiterpene intermediate amorpha-4,11-diene to artemisinic acid. Further biochemical and molecular genetic work is required to elucidate the precise route from artemisinic alcohol to artemisinin and to engineer more efficient low cost production of artemisinin-based antimalarial drugs.
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Terpene biosynthesis and its regulation in A. annua have been well reviewed, including the central role of amorpha-4,11-diene (451) in artemisinin biosynthesis and the likelihood that glandular trichomes are the location of artemisinin biosynthesis.
“Terpene biosynthesis [271,272,273,274,275,276] and its regulation [277,278] in A. annua have been well reviewed, including the central role of amorpha-4,11-diene (451) in the biosynthesis of artemisinin (495) [279] and the likelihood that glandular trichomes are the location wherein artemisinin biosynthesis actually occurs [244,280]”
From The Biosynthesis of Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) and the Phytochemistry of Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) (2010) · cites this paper as [279]
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References 49 · Cited by 152
- Authors
- Covello, P. S., Teoh, K. H., Polichuk, D. R., Reed, D. W., & Nowak, G.
- Affiliations
- Plant Biotechnology Institute (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Covello, Patrick S.
- ORCID
- Reed, Darwin W.
- Venue
- Phytochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-07
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 1864-1871
- ISSN
- 0031-9422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2038771253
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Phytochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Sesquiterpenes and Asteraceae Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Keywords
- artemisinin biosynthesis, Artemisia annua, sesquiterpene lactones, endoperoxides, isoprenoid biosynthesis, CYP71AV1, cytochrome P450, artemisinic acid, expressed sequence tags, antimalarial drugs, functional genomics
- MeSH terms
- Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes, Animals, Oxygenases, Sesquiterpenes, Molecular Structure, DNA, Complementary, Genomics, Artemisinins, Biosynthetic Pathways
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