Phenolamides: Bridging polyamines to the phenolic metabolism
Abstract
Phenolamides constitute a diverse and quantitatively major group of secondary metabolites resulting from the conjugation of a phenolic moiety with polyamines or with deaminated aromatic aminoacids. This review summarizes their bioactivities and their reported roles in plant development, adaptation and defence compared to those of their polyamine precursors. The most conclusive recent developments point to their contribution to cell-wall reinforcement and to direct toxicity for predators and pathogens, either as built-in or inducible defence. Phenolamides were often considered as accumulated end-chain products. Recent data bring a light on their biosynthesis and suggests their possible contribution in the branching of the phenylpropanoid metabolism.
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Hydroxycinnamic acid amides are considered polyamine end products, allowing their storage and regulation.
“As such, HCAAs are considered polyamine end products, thus allowing their storage and regulation [49].”
Aromatic amino acids, agmatine, octopamine, dopamine, and serotonin can be condensed to form hydroxycinnamic acid amides.
“Aromatic amino acids, agmatine as well as octopamine and the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin, can be condensed to form HCAAs [49].”
Hydroxycinnamic acid amides are obtained from condensation of a cinnamic acid (or its analogues) with a polyamine or a phenylethylamine.
“Hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) are obtained from the condensation of a cinnamic acid (or its analogues) with a polyamine or a phenylethylamine (Figure 5) [24,49].”
A considerable portion of polyamines found in plant cells are either mono-, di-, or trisubstituted with phenolic acids.
“Corroborating this, a considerable portion of polyamines found in plant cells are either mono-, di-, or trisubstituted with phenolic acids [49].”
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References 229 · Cited by 300
- Authors
- Bassard, J.-E., Ullmann, P., Bernier, F., & Werck-Reichhart, D.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Venue
- Phytochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 1808-1824
- ISSN
- 0031-9422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2001609914
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 229
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Phytochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant Gene Expression Analysis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- phenolamides, polyamines, phenylpropanoids, phenolic metabolism, plant secondary metabolites, plant defense, cell wall reinforcement, biosynthesis, biological activity, plant development, plant adaptation
- MeSH terms
- Amides, Cell Wall, Light, Phenols, Phenylpropionates, Plants, Polyamines, Molecular Structure, Plant Development
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