The DOI matches its Crossref record; 114 of the 114 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dependency distance: A new perspective on syntactic patterns in natural languages
Abstract
Dependency distance, measured by the linear distance between two syntactically related words in a sentence, is generally held as an important index of memory burden and an indicator of syntactic difficulty. Since this constraint of memory is common for all human beings, there may well be a universal preference for dependency distance minimization (DDM) for the sake of reducing memory burden. This human-driven language universal is supported by big data analyses of various corpora that consistently report shorter overall dependency distance in natural languages than in artificial random languages and long-tailed distributions featuring a majority of short dependencies and a minority of long ones. Human languages, as complex systems, seem to have evolved to come up with diverse syntactic patterns under the universal pressure for dependency distance minimization. However, there always exist a small number of long-distance dependencies in natural languages, which may reflect some other biological or functional constraints. Language system may adapt itself to these sporadic long-distance dependencies. It is these universal constraints that have shaped such a rich diversity of syntactic patterns in human languages.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The origins of order; self organization and selection in evolution
(1994) · International Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0020-711x(94)90119-8 · Cited by 6,649
Big data: a revolution that will transform how we live, work, and think
(2013) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.50-6804 · Cited by 3,630
de Saussure, F., Bally, C., Sechehaye, A., Reidlinger, A., & Baskin, W. (1960) · The Journal of American Folklore · doi:10.2307/538001 · Cited by 3,557
Hoenigswald, H. M., Sechehay, A., Saussure, F. D., Bally, C., Reidlinger, A., & Baskin, W. (1960) · The Classical World · doi:10.2307/4344381 · Cited by 3,023
Linguistic complexity: locality of syntactic dependencies
Gibson, E. (1998) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00034-1 · Cited by 2,537
Expectation-based syntactic comprehension
Levy, R. (2008) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.05.006 · Cited by 2,202
Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An Introduction to Human Ecology
Chao, Y. R., & Zipf, G. K. (1950) · Language · doi:10.2307/409735 · Cited by 2,193
A grammar of contemporary English
Zandvoort, R. W. (1974) · Lingua · doi:10.1016/0024-3841(74)90042-4 · Cited by 1,899
Efficiency and Complexity in Grammars
Hawkins, J. A. (2004) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199252695.001.0001 · Cited by 1,743
A Grammar of Contemporary English
Rensky, M., Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. (1974) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/323848 · Cited by 1,565
Cited by
Machine learning in materials science
Wei, J., Chu, X., Sun, X., Xu, K., Deng, H., Chen, J., Wei, Z., & Lei, M. (2019) · InfoMat · doi:10.1002/inf2.12028 · Cited by 1,069
How Efficiency Shapes Human Language
Gibson, E., Futrell, R., Piantadosi, S. P., Dautriche, I., Mahowald, K., Bergen, L., & Levy, R. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.02.003 · Cited by 485
Osman, A. I., Nasr, M., Eltaweil, A. S., Hosny, M., Farghali, M., Al-Fatesh, A. S., Rooney, D. W., & Abd El-Monaem, E. M. (2024) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.03.223 · Cited by 270
Jiang, J., Bi, P., & Liu, H. (2019) · Journal of Second Language Writing · doi:10.1016/j.jslw.2019.100666 · Cited by 109
Self-citationContrasting Linguistic Patterns in Human and LLM-Generated News Text
Muñoz-Ortiz, A., Gómez-Rodríguez, C., & Vilares, D. (2024) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-024-10903-2 · Cited by 94
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, H., Xu, C., & Liang, J.
- Venue
- Physics of Life Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 21
- Pages
- 171-193
- ISSN
- 1571-0645 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2601979355
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 114
- FWCI
- 151.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Dependency distance: A new perspective on syntactic patterns in natural languages. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.plrev.2017.03.002
- The paper
- Liu, H., Xu, C., & Liang, J. (2017). Dependency distance: A new perspective on syntactic patterns in natural languages. Physics of Life Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2017.03.002
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.