The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nature’s hierarchical materials
Open accessAbstract
Many biological tissues, such as wood and bone, are fiber composites with a hierarchical structure. Their exceptional mechanical properties are believed to be due to a functional adaptation of the structure at all levels of hierarchy. This article reviews the basic principles involved in designing hierarchical biological materials, such as cellular and composite architectures, adapative growth and as well as remodeling. Some examples that are found to utilize these strategies include wood, bone, tendon, and glass sponges – all of which are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Wood: Chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions
(1983) · doi:10.1515/9783110839654 · Cited by 2,846
Biological materials: Structure and mechanical properties
Meyers, M. A., Chen, P.-Y., Lin, A. Y.-M., & Seki, Y. (2008) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2007.05.002 · Cited by 2,573
Trabecular bone modulus–density relationships depend on anatomic site
Morgan, E. F., Bayraktar, H. H., & Keaveny, T. M. (2003) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(03)00071-x · Cited by 1,209 · cited 1×
“At a given apparent density, specimens from the proximal tibia and trochanter had higher moduli than those from the vertebral body [123].”
BackgroundBiomechanics of cellular solids
Gibson, L. J. (2005) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.09.027 · Cited by 961
Fantner, G. E., Hassenkam, T., Kindt, J. H., Weaver, J. C., Birkedal, H., Pechenik, L., Cutroni, J. A., Cidade, G. A. G., Stucky, G. D., Morse, D. E., et al. (2005) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat1428 · Cited by 933
The aging of Wolff’s “law”: Ontogeny and responses to mechanical loading in cortical bone
Pearson, O. M., & Lieberman, D. E. (2004) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.20155 · Cited by 745
Verborgt, O., Gibson, G. J., & Schaffler, M. B. (2000) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.1.60 · Cited by 731
The relationship between the elasticity tensor and the fabric tensor
Cowin, S. C. (1985) · Mechanics of Materials · doi:10.1016/0167-6636(85)90012-2 · Cited by 570
Failure mechanisms in human vertebral cancellous bone
Fyhrie, D. P., & Schaffler, M. B. (1994) · Bone · doi:10.1016/8756-3282(94)90900-8 · Cited by 215
Compressive fatigue behavior of human vertebral trabecular bone
Rapillard, L., Charlebois, M., & Zysset, P. K. (2006) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.04.033 · Cited by 113
Cited by
Processing bulk natural wood into a high-performance structural material
Song, J., Chen, C., Zhu, S., Zhu, M., Dai, J., Ray, U., Li, Y., Kuang, Y., Li, Y., Quispe, N., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature25476 · Cited by 1,632
Collagen for bone tissue regeneration
Ferreira, A. M., Gentile, P., Chiono, V., & Ciardelli, G. (2012) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2012.06.014 · Cited by 938
Liu, Z., Meyers, M. A., Zhang, Z., & Ritchie, R. O. (2017) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.04.013 · Cited by 895
Multifunctional Biohybrid Magnetite Microrobots for Imaging-Guided Therapy
Yan, X., Zhou, Q., Vincent, M., Deng, Y., Yu, J., Xu, J., Xu, T., Tang, T., Bian, L., Wang, Y.-X. J., et al. (2017) · Science Robotics · doi:10.1126/scirobotics.aaq1155 · Cited by 893
Microstructurally inhomogeneous composites: Is a homogeneous reinforcement distribution optimal?
Huang, L. J., Geng, L., & Peng, H.-X. (2015) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.01.002 · Cited by 788
Metadata
- Authors
- Fratzl, P., & Weinkamer, R.
- Venue
- Progress in Materials Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1263-1334
- ISSN
- 0079-6425 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1969293769
- Cited by
- 2,800
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 32.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Nature’s hierarchical materials. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2007.06.001
- The paper
- Fratzl, P., & Weinkamer, R. (2007). Nature’s hierarchical materials. Progress in Materials Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2007.06.001
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
