Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 65

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Shoulder Injuries in the Skeletally Immature Baseball Pitcher and Recommendations for the Prevention of Injury

Zaremski, Jason L., Krabak, Brian J.·2012·PM&R
DOI 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.04.005
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Since 1996, when the first article on pitch restriction recommendations was published, the number of research articles involving skeletally immature pitchers has increased. Potential shoulder injuries in this age group are proximal humeral epiphysiolysis, glenohumeral instability, rotator cuff dysfunction, and superior labrum anteroposterior lesions. Fatigue, improper biomechanics, and overuse are the most common reasons for these injuries. In the hopes of preventing injury to young pitchers, numerous organizations, including the USA Baseball Medical & Safety Advisory Committee, The American Sports Medicine Institute, Little League Baseball & Softball, and the Long Term Athlete Development Program for Baseball Canada, have developed recommendations on pitching restrictions that include limits on pitch count, pitches per week, pitches per season, and rest between pitching. Awareness by sports medicine providers, coaches, and parents/guardians of the most up‐to‐date recommendations on injury prevention and return to play guidelines should reduce the incidence of acute and chronic injuries in adolescent baseball pitchers.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.04.005

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 39

  1. 10.1097/00005768-200111000-00002 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.1542/peds.2007-2572 · DOI
  3. 10.1542/peds.2009-0961 · DOI
  4. 10.1177/0363546505275347 · DOI
  5. 10.1177/03635465020300052401 · DOI
  6. Nissen C.W., 2007, Adolescent baseball pitching technique: A detailed three‐dimensional biomechanical analysis, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 39, 1347, 10.1249/mss.0b013e318064c88e · DOI
  7. 10.1177/036354659502300218 · DOI · Paper page
  8. 10.2106/JBJS.H.01341 · DOI
  9. 10.2519/jospt.2009.2929 · DOI · Paper page
  10. 10.1016/j.rcl.2010.07.002 · DOI
  11. 10.1097/BPO.0b013e31816d7258 · DOI
  12. Wight J., 2004, Influence of pelvis rotation styles on baseball pitching mechanics, Sports Biomech, 3, 67, 10.1080/14763140408522831 · DOI
  13. 10.1177/03635465020300040201 · DOI · Paper page
  14. 10.1177/0363546505284188 · DOI · Paper page
  15. 10.1177/0363546510384224 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Carson W.G., 1998, Little Leaguer's shoulder: A report of 23 cases, Am J Sports Med, 26, 575, 10.1177/03635465980260041901 · DOI
  17. 10.1177/0363546505280431 · DOI
  18. 10.1177/0363546509333264 · DOI
  19. 10.1177/0363546507310074 · DOI
  20. 10.1080/14763140802629958 · DOI
  21. Wasserlauf B.L., 2003, Shoulder disorders in the skeletally immature throwing athlete, Orthop Clin North Am, 34, 427, 10.1016/S0030-5898(03)00032-4 · DOI
  22. Taylor D.C., 2009, Adolescent shoulder injuries: Consensus and controversies, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 91, 462
  23. Rizio L., 2001, Overuse injuries of the upper extremity in baseball, Clin Sports Med, 20, 453, 10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70262-3 · DOI
  24. Ireland M.L., 1998, Injuries in Baseball, 271
  25. 10.2519/jospt.2009.2808 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Turman K.A., 2010, Massive rotator cuff tear in an adolescent athlete: A case report, Sports Health, 2, 51, 10.1177/1941738109350404 · DOI
  27. Trakis J.E., 2008, Muscle strength and range of motion in adolescent pitchers with throwing‐related pain: Implications for injury prevention, Am J Sports Med, 36, 2173, 10.1177/0363546508319049 · DOI
  28. Axe M., 2009, Data‐based interval throwing programs for baseball Players, Sports Health, 1, 145, 10.1177/1941738108331198 · DOI
  29. McFarland E.G., 2008, Examination of the shoulder in the overhead and throwing athlete, Clin Sports Med, 27, 553, 10.1016/j.csm.2008.07.009 · DOI
  30. 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181aad7b1 · DOI
  31. Malanga G.A., 2006, Musculoskeletal Physical Examination: An Evidence‐Based Approach
  32. Amin M.F., 2011, The diagnostic value or magnetic resonance arthrography of the shoulder in detection and grading of SLAP lesions: Comparison of arthroscopic findings, Eur J Radiol
  33. 10.2519/jospt.2011.3568 · DOI
  34. 10.1177/03635465020300011201 · DOI · Paper page
  35. 10.1177/0363546509360404 · DOI · Paper page
  36. 10.1097/00132585-200101000-00003 · DOI
  37. 10.4085/1062-6050-46.2.206 · DOI · Paper page
  38. 10.1542/peds.106.1.154 · DOI
  39. 10.1097/JSM.0b013e318168e6ea · DOI

Cited by

See all 65

Metadata

Authors
Zaremski, J. L., & Krabak, B. J.
Venue
PM&R
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-07
Volume
4
Issue
7
Pages
509-516
ISSN
  • 1934-1482
  • 1934-1563
DOI
10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.04.005
Cited by
65
References
0
Language
en
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 15 d)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Shoulder Injuries in the Skeletally Immature Baseball Pitcher and Recommendations for the Prevention of Injury. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.04.005
The paper
Zaremski, J. L., & Krabak, B. J. (2012). Shoulder Injuries in the Skeletally Immature Baseball Pitcher and Recommendations for the Prevention of Injury. PM&R. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.04.005

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.