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Cited by 8Alcohol Consumption and Health EffectsPharmacogenetics and Drug MetabolismPrenatal Substance Exposure Effects

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Sex differences in alcohol dehydrogenase levels (ADH) and blood ethanol concentration (BEC) in Japanese quail

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Eaton, Shannon E., Jagielo-Miller, Julia E., Prendergast, Mark A., Akins, Chana K.·2022·Poultry Science
DOI 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101790PMC PMC8943298
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Abstract

Ethanol is one of the most widely used and abused drugs. Following ethanol consumption, ethanol enters the bloodstream from the small intestine where it gets distributed to peripheral tissues. In the bloodstream, ethanol is cleared from the system by the liver. The primary metabolism of ethanol uses alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). In mammals, females appear to have higher ADH activity in liver samples than males. The purpose of the first experiment was to analyze sex differences in ADH levels following 12 d of ethanol administration (i.e., water or 2 g/kg) in male and female quail. Following the last daily treatment of ethanol, quail were euthanized, their livers were extracted, and ADH was analyzed in liver homogenate samples. Results showed that female quail had higher ADH levels, heavier livers, and a greater liver to body weight ratio than male quail. In a second experiment, we aimed to develop a blood ethanol concentration (BEC) profile for both male and female quail. Quail were administered 0.75 or 2 g/kg of ethanol and blood was collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 h after gavage administration. Blood ethanol concentration was analyzed using an Analox. We found that quail had a fairly rapid increase in BECs followed by a steady and slow disappearance of ethanol from the blood samples. Female quail had a lower peak of ethanol concentration and a smaller area under the curve (AUC) than male quail. The current research suggests that higher ADH levels in female quail may be responsible for increased metabolism of ethanol. In general, quail appear to eliminate ethanol more slowly than rodents. Thus, as a model, they may allow for a prolonged window with which to investigate the effects of ethanol.

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Figure 1 Mean (±SEM) alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) levels (ng/mL) for male and female quail that received water or 2 g/kg ethanol once a day for 12 d. * indicates a significant difference from males, P < 0.05.
Figure 1 Mean (±SEM) alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) levels (ng/mL) for male and female quail that received water or 2 g/kg ethanol once a day for 12 d. * indicates a significant difference from males, P < 0.05.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Mean (±SEM) liver weights for male and female quail that received water or 2 g/kg ethanol once a day for 12 d. * indicates a significant difference from males, P < 0.05.
Figure 2 Mean (±SEM) liver weights for male and female quail that received water or 2 g/kg ethanol once a day for 12 d. * indicates a significant difference from males, P < 0.05.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Mean (±SEM) liver to total body weight ratios for male and female quail that received water or 2 g/kg ethanol once a day for 12 d. * indicates a significant difference from males, P < 0.05.
Figure 3 Mean (±SEM) liver to total body weight ratios for male and female quail that received water or 2 g/kg ethanol once a day for 12 d. * indicates a significant difference from males, P < 0.05.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Mean blood ethanol concentration over 24 h for male and female quail following a gavage of 0.75 g/kg or 2 g/kg ethanol.
Figure 4 Mean blood ethanol concentration over 24 h for male and female quail following a gavage of 0.75 g/kg or 2 g/kg ethanol.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Mean peak blood ethanol content (±SEM) for male and female quail gavaged with 0.75 g/kg or 2 g/kg ethanol. ^ indicates a significant difference from 0.75 g/kg. * indicates a significant difference from males
Figure 5 Mean peak blood ethanol content (±SEM) for male and female quail gavaged with 0.75 g/kg or 2 g/kg ethanol. ^ indicates a significant difference from 0.75 g/kg. * indicates a significant difference from malesCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Mean area under the curve (±SEM) for male and female quail gavaged with 0.75 g/kg (A) or 2 g/kg (B) * indicates a significant difference from male quail.
Figure 6 Mean area under the curve (±SEM) for male and female quail gavaged with 0.75 g/kg (A) or 2 g/kg (B) * indicates a significant difference from male quail.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Eaton, S. E., Jagielo-Miller, J. E., Prendergast, M. A., & Akins, C. K.
Affiliations
  • Arizona State University (US)
  • University of Kentucky (US)
Corresponding author
Akins, Chana K.
ORCID
Venue
Poultry Science
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-05
Volume
101
Issue
5
Pages
101790
ISSN
0032-5791 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.psj.2022.101790
PMC
PMC8943298
OpenAlex
W4213316768
Cited by
8
References
2
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1
FWCI
1.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Poultry Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (T32AA027488)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Keywords
sex differences, alcohol dehydrogenase, blood alcohol concentration, alcohol metabolism, Japanese quail, liver, ethanol pharmacokinetics, ethanol clearance
MeSH terms
Blood Alcohol Content, Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Ethanol, Animals, Chickens, Coturnix, Female, Liver, Male, Mammals, Sex Characteristics

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Sex differences in alcohol dehydrogenase levels (ADH) and blood ethanol concentration (BEC) in Japanese quail. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.psj.2022.101790
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Eaton, S. E., Jagielo-Miller, J. E., Prendergast, M. A., & Akins, C. K. (2022). Sex differences in alcohol dehydrogenase levels (ADH) and blood ethanol concentration (BEC) in Japanese quail. Poultry Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.101790