Cited by 369Stress Responses and CortisolNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Stress and decision-making in humans: Performance is related to cortisol reactivity, albeit differently in men and women

van den Bos, Ruud, Harteveld, Marlies, Stoop, Hein·2009·Psychoneuroendocrinology

DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.04.016

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Acutely elevated levels of cortisol are associated with euphoria and reward-like properties related to sensation-seeking behaviour. Thus, acute stress and elevated levels of cortisol may promote risk-taking behaviour. High cortisol responders are more sensitive to immediate rewards than low cortisol responders. In this study we therefore tested whether acute stress in male and female subjects, induced by the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), affects decision-making as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and to what extent this is related to cortisol reactivity. Control subjects did not receive the stress manipulation. We specifically predict that high responders show risk-taking behaviour in the IGT compared to low responders and controls. The data show that the more (salivary) cortisol levels are elevated after the TSST the poorer the subsequent performance in the IGT in male subjects. In female subjects an inverse relationship between cortisol levels and IGT performance is observed: slightly elevated levels of cortisol after the TSST improve IGT performance, while highly elevated levels decrease IGT performance. Thus, acute stress as induced by the TSST affects decision-making behaviour of men and women differently and cortisol reactivity is associated with decision-making performance.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.04.016

Cites

30 of 30 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex
Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3 · Cited by 6,128
The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’—a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting
Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K.-M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000119004 · Cited by 6,093
Acute stressors and cortisol responses: a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research
Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355 · Cited by 5,881
Impact of Gender, Menstrual Cycle Phase, and Oral Contraceptives on the Activity of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
Kirschbaum, C., Kudielka, B. M., Gaab, J., Schommer, N. C., & Hellhammer, D. H. (1999) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199903000-00006 · Cited by 1,890
Stress, eating and the reward system
Adam, T. C., & Epel, E. S. (2007) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.04.011 · Cited by 1,732
Sex differences in HPA axis responses to stress: a review
Kudielka, B. M., & Kirschbaum, C. (2005) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.11.009 · Cited by 1,624
Stress may add bite to appetite in women: A laboratory study of stress-induced cortisol and eating behavior
Epel, E., Lapidus, R., McEwen, B., & Brownell, K. (2001) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00035-4 · Cited by 1,060
Sex differences in stress responses: social rejection versus achievement stress
Stroud, L. R., Salovey, P., & Epel, E. S. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01333-1 · Cited by 797
Endogenous steroids and financial risk taking on a London trading floor
Coates, J. M., & Herbert, J. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0704025105 · Cited by 688
Disruption of Right Prefrontal Cortex by Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Induces Risk-Taking Behavior
Knoch, D., Gianotti, L. R. R., Pascual-Leone, A., Treyer, V., Regard, M., Hohmann, M., & Brugger, P. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0804-06.2006 · Cited by 517

Show all 30 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–368 of 368

Reviewing Decision Making: from awareness to social decision making
Veldhuis, A. (2011) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · Cited by 1
Understanding Risk Aversion in Older Americans: New Approaches Using Genetic Data
Harrati, A. (2014) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 1
Nataly Aguirre - Stress, Risk, and Reward in Financial Decision-Making: The Roles of Probability and Magnitude
Aguirre, N. (2013) · e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University)
Stress and Vivid MemoriesPreprint
Lowe, S. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2005099
Early childbearing and behavioural flexibility in the United Kingdom
Chipman, A. (2013) · UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)
NEURAL MECHANISMS OF EMOTIONAL REGULATION AND DECISION MAKING
Gospic, K. A. M. (2011) · Figshare
Respostas psicofisiológicas na arbitragem do judô: efeitos da experiência dos árbitros e do nível das competições.
Miranda, M. L. (2012) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.39.2012.tde-16042012-171729
Efecto del Estrés Social en Hombres y Mujeres Sobre la Activación de la Corteza Orbitofrontal Asociada a una Tarea de Reversión de Contingencias de Recompensa y Castigo (Social Stress Effects on Orbitofrontal Cortex Activation in Males and Females Related to a Reversal-Learning Task with Reward and Punishment Contingencies)Preprint
Poveda, D. C. C., & Prado-Rivera, M. A. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2194587
Negative affect mediates the relationship between the Cortisol Awakening Response and Conduct Problems in boys
Walsh, A. (2009) · doi:10.71781/18553
Estrés como factor limitante en el proceso de toma de decisiones; Diferencias de género en adultos jóvenes: Revisión teórica desde la neurofisiología.
Rangel, C., & Patricia, L. (2014) · Universidad de La Sabana
PLEASE DO NOT QUOTE FROM THIS AUTHOR'S VERSION BUT FROM THE PUBLISHED VERSION
Hypothesis, L. S. (2014)
An honest invasion: a study of cooperative behaviour
Storkaas, I. S. (2015) · BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))
Iowa Gambling Task: avaliação da tomada de decisão em idosas saudáveis analfabetas e com baixa escolaridade
Cassimiro, L. (2016) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2016.tde-06092016-143108
“Van den Bos et al., 2009.”
Background
Trust, Reciprocity, Fairness, and Mind Reading Under Stress
Xie, C. J. Y. (2016) · San José State University ScholarWorks (San Jose State University) · doi:10.31979/etd.5gt8-c7ku
el Iowa Gambling Task The role of socio-demographic variables in decision making: a systematic review on the Iowa Gambling Task
Castro, J., Carvalho, N., Cardoso, C. D. O., Cotrena, C., Bakos, D. S., Kristensen, C. H., Fonseca, R. P., & de Rio, C. (2012)
The Impact of Emotional Cues on Decision-Making and the Additional Influence of Stressful Situations.
Donovan, N. (2016) · TRAP@NCI (National College of Ireland)
The effects of acute stress on spatial navigation in men and women.
van Gerven, D. (2016) · UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria)
Opposing Effects of Acute Stress in a Rodent Model of Gambling Behaviour
Hedayatmofidi, P. S. (2015) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Stress and Prosocial Decision Making: The Influence of Acute Stress on Trust Behavior
Potts, S. (2017) · e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University)
Finding fairness in a high volume statutory ADR environment: observations from an Australian workcover conciliation service
Webster, P. (2017) · Journal of Mediation & Applied Conflict Analysis · doi:10.33232/jmaca.3.2.7922
idosas saudáveis analfabetas e com baixa escolaridade
Cassimiro, L. (2016)
Psychosocial and Endocrine Antecedents of Responses to Social-Evaluative Stress
Knight, E. L. (2017) · Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon)
Un negocio de mierda: El ensueño monoproductivo de El baño del Papa
Ribas-Casasayas, A. (2017) · Arizona journal of Hispanic cultural studies/Arizona journal of hispanic cultural studies · doi:10.1353/hcs.2017.0005
If at first you don't succeed
DiMenichi, B. C. (2018) · doi:10.7282/t35q50hh
The good and bad of stress
Frentz, I. (2019)
Trust and trustworthiness of women and men in decision-making processes in conditions of stress
Markowska-Przybyła, U. (2021) · Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu · doi:10.15611/pn.2021.2.05
References
(2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815002-3.00020-6
Current awareness in human psychopharmacology
(2010) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.1063
Peer Review #1 of "The impact of stress on financial decision-making varies as a function of depression and anxiety symptoms (v0.1)"
(2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.770v0.1/reviews/1
Stressor re-exposure effects on behaviour and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in male and female mice
Hudson, S. E. (2014) · doi:10.22215/etd/2014-10260
Peer Review #2 of "The impact of stress on financial decision-making varies as a function of depression and anxiety symptoms (v0.1)"
(2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.770v0.1/reviews/2
Peer Review #2 of "The impact of stress on financial decision-making varies as a function of depression and anxiety symptoms (v0.2)"
(2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7287/peerj.770v0.2/reviews/2
The Effect of Acute Stress on Privacy Decision-Making
Byrne, K. A., & Liu, Y. (2022) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1071181322661352
“On the one hand, one study observed that higher levels of cortisol in response to an acute s tressor can increase an individual’s sensitivity to immediate rewards, which can also lead to a deleterious effect on decision-making performance (Van den Bos et al., 2009).”
Background
Appendix
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.005.0001
The Hope for Democracy
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.003.0001
The Future
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.003.0008
List of Figures
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.002.0005
List of Tables
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.002.0006
Do Women Leaders Spell the End of War?
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.003.0006
Suffrage, Democracy, and War
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.003.0004
Women and War in the Modern Era
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.003.0007
Notes
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.002.0008
Gender and Aggression: Nature or Nurture?
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.003.0003
Women’s Votes and the World Wars
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.003.0005
The Hope for Suffrage and Peace in the New Century
Barnhart, J. N., & Trager, R. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.003.0002
Introduction
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.002.0007
Copyright Page
(2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197629758.002.0003
Chronic Stress Increases Adiposity and Anxiety in Rats with Decreased Expression of Krtcap3Preprint
Szalanczy, A., Fitzpatrick, M., Beeson, A., Bui, T., Dyson, C., Eller, S., Landry, J., Scott, C., Grzybowski, M. N., Klotz, J., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.06.24.546378
Does Board Gender Diversity Really Improve Financial Performance and Default Risk? Evidence from Romanian Companies Engaged in International Trade
Tanasuica, C. (2023) · Journal of Social and Economic Statistics · doi:10.2478/jses-2023-0005
Adherence Behaviors to Prevent COVID: The Role of Anxiety and Prosocial BehaviorsPreprint
Corbera, S., & Marín‐Chollom, A. M. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.18.23295630
WITHDRAWNPreprint
Matar, M., Heeren, A., & 2023, C. G. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/gv7am
Entscheiden unter Zeitdruck – Erfahrungen der Feuerwehr
Denne, B., & Graumann, M. (2024) · Business - Innovation - High Tech · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-43945-3_6
Sex differences in risk/reward decision making
Truckenbrod, L. M., Setlow, B., & Orsini, C. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820480-1.00110-8
Chronic stress increased intolerance of risk but decreased intolerance of ambiguityPreprint
Chen, W., Yu, X., Deng, L., Yi, W., & Wu, J. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4987490/v1
The Impact of Acute Psychological Stress on Individual Decision-Making
刘, 晴. (2024) · Advances in Social Sciences · doi:10.12677/ass.2024.13121150
Inhibitory Control in Problemat-ic-Internet-Inappropriate Content-Use under Negative Emotional Priming
王, 曦. (2025) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2025.154184
Effects of acute stress and gender on decision-making
Wemm, S. (2014) · doi:10.54014/jd4x-zsgp
Stress awareness and decision-making under uncertainty: Gender-specific effects of mild hypoxia in the Iowa Gambling Task
Pighin, S., Fornasiero, A., Testoni, M., Bogani, A., Bonini, N., Pellegrini, B., Schena, F. F., & Savadori, L. (2025) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-025-01320-1
“…contexts where risk-taking is associated with economically disadvantageous outcomes (e.g., in the Iowa Gambling Task; Preston et al., 2007; van den Bos et al., 2009) and in decision-making contexts where risk-taking is associated with greater gains (e.g., in the Balloon Analogue Risk…”
Resting levels of stress hormones and their association with hand function in young women but not in men
Almuklass, A. M., Alboushi, R. A., Alshalawi, S., Alnumani, M. S., Alammar, J., Alharbi, F., Alenazi, F., Almutairi, M. M., Alharbi, T. A., Albaqami, K. N. Z., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.25259/ijhs_9073
Alcohol intoxication and negative mood similarly affect reward learning but not punishment learning in the Iowa gambling task
Dora, J., Sullivan‐Toole, H., Zhang, C., Opdahl, M., & King, K. M. (2025) · Judgment and Decision Making · doi:10.1017/jdm.2025.10022
“…stress (Ben Hassen et al., 2023; Buelow and Suhr, 2013; Chrusciel et al., 2024; De Vries et al., 2008; Molins et al., 2025; Simonovic et al., 2017; Van Den Bos et al., 2009; Wemm and Wulfert, 2017), though occasionally null results have also been reported (Buelow et al., 2013; Clark et al., 2001;…”
The methods and value of measuring choice processes in economics experiments
Brocas, I., Camerer, C., Carrillo, J. D., & Krajbich, I. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/bs.hbem.2025.09.007
Redirecting the Addiction Debate
Weinrabe, A., & Murphy, D. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-09167-3_4
Evaluation of two mind and body methods’ effects on stress reactivity, alexithymia, and their consequences
Pakulanon, S. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e1914476z3772z45f0zbcafzbb365b163682
“Studies have addressed the link between high level of cortisol and poor TSST related performance (van den Bos et al., 2009) and academic performance (Ng et al., 2003).”
Background
Sex and Gender Differences in Cannabis Use Disorder
Mostallino, R., & Fattore, L. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-12239-1_12
Adaptive Appraisals of Anxiety Moderate the Association between Cortisol Reactivity and Performance in Salary NegotiationsPreprint
Mor, S., Akinola, M., Crum, A. J., Morris, M. W., & Fridman, I. (2016) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
Neuroendocrine basis of affective behavior: what we can learn from differences in sex development (DSD)
Verde, V., Wörther, H., Kühle, A., Grunwald, P., Tschaidse, L., Chojnacki, M., Ilmberger, S., Berente, S., Reisch, N., & Krämer, U. M. (2026) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2026.105953 · Cited by 1
Sex differences in the influence of affective state on decision-making
Martínez-Maldonado, A., Makeienko, M., Ramírez, E. S., & Martín-Azañedo, C. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-10152-2
“In this vein, studies by van den Bos et al. (2009) and Flores-Torres et al. (2019) provide information that can help us understand the impact of negative and positive affect on decision-making according to sex.”
Influential
Synaptic Mechanisms and Cognitive Computations Underlying Stress Effects on Cognitive Function
Lukšys, G., & Sandi, C. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1056-4_12

Authors: van den Bos, R., Harteveld, M., & Stoop, H.
Affiliations: Utrecht University (NL)
Venue: Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-11
Volume: 34
Issue: 10
Pages: 1449-1458
ISSN: 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.04.016
OpenAlex: W2107723514
Cited by: 369
References: 30
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 6.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: acute stress, cortisol response, decision-making, risk-taking, sex differences, Trier Social Stress Test, Iowa Gambling Task, salivary cortisol, reward sensitivity, sensation seeking
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Risk-Taking, Saliva, Sex Characteristics, Stress, Psychological

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Stress and decision-making in humans: Performance is related to cortisol reactivity, albeit differently in men and women

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks