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Cited by 425Tryptophan and brain disordersTreatment of Major DepressionStress Responses and Cortisol

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The plasma levels of various cytokines are increased during ongoing depression and are reduced to normal levels after recovery

Dahl, Johan, Ormstad, Heidi, Aass, Hans Christian D., Malt, Ulrik Fredrik, Bendz, Lil Träskman, Sandvik, Leiv, Brundin, Lena, Andreassen, Ole A.·2014·Psychoneuroendocrinology
DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.03.019
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Abstract

Background Cytokines are implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the pattern of alterations in cytokine levels is still unclear. The current study investigated the plasma levels of a range of cytokines in a follow-up design, with the aim of determining their involvement in depression.Methods Fifty medication-free MDD patients with a depressive episode and 34 healthy controls were included at baseline; the patients were followed up after 12 weeks. Before initiating treatment, the patients were diagnosed and assessed for depressive symptoms and blood for cytokine analysis was obtained. The same clinical assessments and cytokine measurements were performed after 12 weeks of "treatment as usual."Results The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and interferon gamma (IFNγ) were significantly elevated (p=0.01-0.047) in depressed patients at baseline compared to healthy controls. After 12 weeks of treatment, the plasma levels of seven of these nine cytokines (IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, G-CSF, and IFNγ had decreased significantly compared to baseline and did not differ from those in the healthy controls. The depressive symptoms were simultaneously significantly reduced. In addition, the reduction to normal cytokines levels occurred only in those who met the recovery criteria.Conclusion A more general pattern of elevated cytokine levels is described herein relative to what has been described previously shown in MDD. Furthermore, recovery from depression was associated with reduction to normal levels of the majority of the measured cytokines. These results strongly support the notion that a complex network of cytokines is involved in the pathophysiology of MDD.

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Metadata

Authors
Dahl, J., Ormstad, H., Aass, H. C. D., Malt, U. F., Bendz, L. T., Sandvik, L., Brundin, L., & Andreassen, O. A.
Affiliations
  • Vestre Viken Hospital Trust (NO)
  • Buskerud University College (NO)
  • Oslo University Hospital (NO)
  • Van Andel Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Dahl, Johan
ORCID
Venue
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-07
Volume
45
Pages
77-86
ISSN
0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.03.019
OpenAlex
W2134586420
Cited by
424
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 7
FWCI
9.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Helse Sør-Øst RHF
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
major depressive disorder, cytokines, plasma cytokines, interleukin-6, IL-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interferon-gamma, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, recovery from depression, usual care
MeSH terms
Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Up-Regulation, Case-Control Studies, Cytokines, Treatment Outcome, Inflammation Mediators, Recovery of Function

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