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Cited by 246Stress Responses and CortisolHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlEmotion and Mood Recognition

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Intra-individual psychological and physiological responses to acute laboratory stressors of different intensity

Skoluda, Nadine, Strahler, Jana, Schlotz, Wolff, Niederberger, Larissa, Marques, Sofia, Fischer, Susanne, Thoma, Myriam V., Spoerri, Corinne, Ehlert, Ulrike, Nater, Urs M.·2015·Psychoneuroendocrinology
DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.10.002
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Abstract

Objectives The phenomenon of stress is understood as a multidimensional concept which can be captured by psychological and physiological measures. There are various laboratory stress protocols which enable stress to be investigated under controlled conditions. However, little is known about whether these protocols differ with regard to the induced psycho-physiological stress response pattern. Methods In a within-subjects design, 20 healthy young men underwent four of the most common stress protocols (Stroop test [Stroop], cold pressor test [CPT], Trier Social Stress Test [TSST], and bicycle ergometer test [Ergometer]) and a no-stress control condition (rest) in a randomized order. For the multidimensional assessment of the stress response, perceived stress, endocrine and autonomic biomarkers (salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase, and heart rate) were obtained during the experiments. Results All stress protocols evoked increases in perceived stress levels, with the highest levels in the TSST, followed by Ergometer, Stroop, and CPT. The highest HPA axis response was found in the TSST, followed by Ergometer, CPT, and Stroop, whilst the highest autonomic response was found in the Ergometer, followed by TSST, Stroop, and CPT. Conclusions These findings suggest that different stress protocols differentially stimulate various aspects of the stress response. Physically demanding stress protocols such as the Ergometer test appear to be particularly suitable for evoking autonomic stress responses, whereas uncontrollable and social-evaluative threatening stressors (such as the TSST) are most likely to elicit HPA axis stress responses. The results of this study may help researchers in deciding which stress protocol to use, depending on the individual research question.

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Authors
Skoluda, N., Strahler, J., Schlotz, W., Niederberger, L., Marques, S., Fischer, S., Thoma, M. V., Spoerri, C., Ehlert, U., & Nater, U. M.
Affiliations
  • Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
  • Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics (DE)
  • University of Zurich (CH)
Corresponding author
Nater, Urs M.
ORCID
Venue
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-01
Volume
51
Pages
227-236
ISSN
0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.10.002
OpenAlex
W2122620777
Cited by
246
References
33
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6
FWCI
7.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
  • FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Helene Bieber-Funds
  • Volkswagen Foundation
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
Keywords
acute stress response, perceived stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, salivary cortisol, salivary amylase, heart rate, autonomic nervous system, social-evaluative stress, Trier Social Stress Test, cold pressor test, Stroop task, bicycle ergometer test, stressor intensity
MeSH terms
Adult, Anxiety, Heart Rate, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Perception, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Saliva, Stress, Physiological, Stress, Psychological, Salivary alpha-Amylases, Young Adult

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