Biofuels in the U.S. – Challenges and Opportunities
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 13 · Cited by 363
- Authors
- Hoekman, S. K.
- Affiliations
- Desert Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hoekman, S. Kent
- ORCID
- Hoekman, S. Kent
- Venue
- Renewable Energy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14-22
- ISSN
- 0960-1481 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2119487406
- Semantic Scholar
- b552bd69dffeed8f990b4da8add223b330b3742a
- Cited by
- 363
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 16.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Renewable Energy (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Desert Research Institute
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Bioenergy crop production and management
- Keywords
- biofuels, second-generation biofuels, biofuel policy, biofuel regulation, ethanol, corn ethanol, biomass feedstock, biomass conversion technologies, life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, fuel specifications, fuel blending, energy security
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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