The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Reduced storage and balancing needs in a fully renewable European power system with excess wind and solar power generation
Open accessAbstract
The storage and balancing needs of a simplified European power system , which is based on wind and solar power generation only, are derived from an extensive weather-driven modeling of hourly power mismatches between generation and load. The storage energy capacity , the annual balancing energy and the balancing power are found to depend significantly on the mixing ratio between wind and solar power generation . They decrease strongly with the overall excess generation. At 50% excess generation the required long-term storage energy capacity and annual balancing energy amount to 1% of the annual consumption. The required balancing power turns out to be 25% of the average hourly load. These numbers are in agreement with current hydro storage lakes in Scandinavia and the Alps, as well as with potential hydrogen storage in mostly North-German salt caverns .
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change
Creutzig, F., Agoston, P., Goldschmidt, J. C., Luderer, G., Nemet, G., & Pietzcker, R. C. (2017) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/nenergy.2017.140 · Cited by 920
Ringkjøb, H.-K., Haugan, P. M., & Solbrekke, I. M. (2018) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.08.002 · Cited by 760
A review at the role of storage in energy systems with a focus on Power to Gas and long-term storage
Blanco, H., & Faaij, A. (2018) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.07.062 · Cited by 710
Status and perspectives on 100% renewable energy systems
Hansen, K., Breyer, C., & Lund, H. (2019) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.03.092 · Cited by 681
Child, M., Kemfert, C., Bogdanov, D., & Breyer, C. (2019) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.02.077 · Cited by 605
Metadata
- Authors
- Heide, D., Greiner, M., von Bremen, L., & Hoffmann, C.
- Venue
- Renewable Energy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2515-2523
- ISSN
- 0960-1481 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2100020724
- Cited by
- 271
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 8.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Reduced storage and balancing needs in a fully renewable European power system with excess wind and solar power generation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.renene.2011.02.009
- The paper
- Heide, D., Greiner, M., von Bremen, L., & Hoffmann, C. (2011). Reduced storage and balancing needs in a fully renewable European power system with excess wind and solar power generation. Renewable Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.02.009
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
