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Immigrant entrepreneurship in America: Evidence from the survey of business owners 2007 & 2012
Abstract
We study immigrant entrepreneurship and firm ownership in 2007 and 2012 using the Survey of Business Owners (SBO). The survival and growth of immigrant-owned businesses over time relative to native-founded companies is evaluated by linking the 2007 SBO to the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). We quantify the dependency of the United States as a whole, as well as individual states, on the contributions of immigrant entrepreneurs in terms of firm formation and job creation. We describe differences in the types of businesses started by immigrants and the quality of jobs created by their firms. First-generation immigrants create about 25% of new firms in the United States, but this share exceeds 40% in some states. In addition, Asian and Hispanic second-generation immigrants start about 6% of new firms. Immigrant-owned firms, on average, create fewer jobs than native-owned firms, but much of this is explained by the industry and geographic location of the firms. Immigrant-owned firms pay comparable wages, conditional on firm traits, to native-owned firms, but are less likely to offer benefits.
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References 97 · Cited by 127
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Fairlie, R. W., Lofstrom, M., 2013. Immigration and Entrepreneurship. IZA Discussion Paper 7669. · DOI
- Hecker, 2005, High-technology employment: a NAICS-based update, Mon. Labor Rev., 128, 57
- Schuetze, 2007, Immigration, entrepreneurship and the venture start-up process. The life cycle of entrepreneurial ventures, Vol. 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Pekkala Kerr, S., & Kerr, W.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kerr, William
- ORCID
- Kerr, William
- Venue
- Research Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-04
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 103918
- ISSN
- 0048-7333 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2796061247
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 20.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- Locations
- Research Policy (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Smith Richardson Foundation
- Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation
- National Science Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Keywords
- immigrant entrepreneurship, new firm creation, job creation, international business activity, high-tech entrepreneurship, Silicon Valley
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- Pekkala Kerr, S., & Kerr, W. (2020). Immigrant entrepreneurship in America: Evidence from the survey of business owners 2007 & 2012. Research Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.103918
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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