Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: guidelines using an applied example
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PLS-SEM is a good alternative for data analysis, especially when the sample size is limited.
“This approach also aligns with the views of Sarwono (2012), Wong (2013), and Hair and Alamer (2022), who suggest that PLS-SEM can be a good alternative for data analysis, especially when the sample size is limited.”
From Measuring The Acceptance Level of User Interface Design of ERP System at PT Allure Alluminio Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Method (2024) · cites this paper as Hair and Alamer (2022)
Cronbach alpha values range from 0.87 to 0.93 and composite reliability values are 0.91-0.94, both above the minimum threshold of >0.70, establishing internal consistency.
“The value of Cronbach alpha ranges from 0.87 to 0.93, and composite reliability values are 0.91–0.94; both values are quite above the minimum threshold value of >0.70 (J. Hair and Alamer, 2022), thus establishing the internal consistency.”
From Exploring the antecedents of AI adoption for effective HRM practices in the Indian pharmaceutical sector (2023) · cites this paper as J. Hair and Alamer, 2022
HTMT values are less than 0.90 for all reflective constructs, confirming discriminant validity and indicating no correlation among the constructs.
“the heterotrait–monotrait ratio (HTMT), shown in Table 3, also confirms discriminant validity, where the values are less than 0.90 (Roemer et al., 2021; Hair and Alamer, 2022) of all the reflective constructs, indicating that there is no correlation among the constructs.”
From Exploring the antecedents of AI adoption for effective HRM practices in the Indian pharmaceutical sector (2023) · cites this paper as Hair and Alamer, 2022
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References 51 · Cited by 2,833
- Authors
- Hair, J., & Alamer, A.
- Affiliations
- University of South Alabama (US)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Alamer, Abdullah
- Venue
- Research Methods in Applied Linguistics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-12
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 100027
- ISSN
- 2772-7661 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4289782001
- Semantic Scholar
- fb148f1892de6534bc6020140e7ac02465f47d1b
- Cited by
- 2,833
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1289 · 2025: 904 · 2024: 430 · 2023: 185 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 236.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Research Methods in Applied Linguistics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Research and Methods
- Keywords
- partial least squares structural equation modeling, second language research, out-of-sample forecasting, generalizability, non-normal data, formative constructs, higher-order constructs, methodological recommendations
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