A Comparison between Microalgal Autotrophic Growth and Metabolite Accumulation with Heterotrophic, Mixotrophic and Photoheterotrophic Cultivation Modes
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The availability of organic carbon is generally not a limiting factor for the autotrophic growth of microalgae. In heterotrophic or mixotrophic culture systems, however, it can be a decisive limiting factor.
“In contrast to nitrogen and phosphorus, the availability of organic carbon is generally not a limiting factor for the autotrophic growth of microalgae. In heterotrophic or mixotrophic culture systems, however, it can be a decisive limiting factor [122].”
From Multi-Sensing Monitoring of the Microalgae Biomass Cultivation Systems for Biofuels and Added Value Products Synthesis—Challenges and Opportunities (2025) · cites this paper as [122]
Commercial viability of using Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. biomass as a source of valuable products still encounters economic challenges.
“Despite the considerable potential applications and research efforts, the commercial viability of using Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. biomass as a source of valuable products still encounters economic challenges due to several issues.”
From Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. (2023) · cites this paper as [1]
Cultivation of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. does not compete with terrestrial crops for arable land, and it can be efficiently carried out using water recirculation or even wastewaters.
“Notably, their cultivation does not compete with terrestrial crops for arable land, and it can be efficiently carried out using water recirculation or even wastewaters [1,52].”
From Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. (2023) · cites this paper as [1]
The main concern for commercial viability is the low biomass productivity achieved even under optimized growth conditions.
“The main concern is the low biomass productivity achieved even under optimized growth conditions [1].”
From Emerging Applications of Chlorella sp. and Spirulina (Arthrospira) sp. (2023) · cites this paper as [1]
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References 209 · Cited by 189
- Authors
- Abreu, A. P., Morais, R. C., Teixeira, J. A., & Nunes, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Minho (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Abreu, Ana P.
- Venue
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-05
- Volume
- 159
- Pages
- 112247
- ISSN
- 1364-0321 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4213079423
- Semantic Scholar
- fee0dc8bfc34f1e67eb54b26ba794bcd1c1a6258
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 209
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 11
- FWCI
- 6.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- RepositóriUM (Universidade do Minho) (submittedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Keywords
- microalgae cultivation, autotrophic growth, heterotrophic cultivation, mixotrophic cultivation, organic carbon substrates, biomass productivity, metabolite accumulation, cultivation parameters, photosynthetic efficiency
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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