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Cited by 160Smart Grid Energy ManagementElectric Vehicles and InfrastructureIntegrated Energy Systems Optimization

Exploiting demand-side flexibility: State-of-the-art, open issues and social perspective

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D’Ettorre, F., Banaei, M., Ebrahimy, R., Pourmousavi, S. Ali, Blomgren, E.M.V., Kowalski, J., Bohdanowicz, Z., Łopaciuk-Gonczaryk, B. +2 more·2022·Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
DOI 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112605
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Abstract

Demand-side flexibility will play a key role in reaching high levels of renewable generation and making the transition to a more sustainable energy system.Indeed, end users can actively contribute to grid balancing and management, if equipped with energy management systems and communication infrastructure.Demand response programmes encompass a broad range of load management measures, such as direct or indirect load control, aimed at adapting end users' consumption to grid needs.However, the flexibility potential of the demand side has not yet been fully exploited.The demand response programmes have not been fully realised in practice and different barriers are yet to be addressed properly.Among others, these include a fragmented regulatory framework, the lack of market products suitable for small end users, and the lack of common measurement and quantification methodologies.The present article provides an overview on the stateof-the-art of demand response programmes and their current implementation.Measurement and verification methodologies are also presented with a special focus on baseline estimation methodologies for quantifying the flexibility provided by the demand side through demand response programmes.Alongside technical and regulatory aspects, the social perspective on demand response is investigated through a quantitative survey carried out in four different European countries: Denmark, France, Italy and Spain.Finally, open issues and research gaps are identified and analysed to provide recommendations for future research activities.

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  • Affine mathematics characterizes the uncertainty of fuzzy variables, supporting real-time flexibility supply-demand balance at FCS and enhancing the robustness of flexible scheduling compared with existing frameworks.

    “Affine mathematics is used to characterize the uncertainty of fuzzy variables, supporting real-time flexibility supply-demand balance at FCS and enhancing the robustness of flexible scheduling compared with existing frameworks [19], [26] that typically address behavioral aspects or uncertainty handling separately.”

    From Flexibility Region Quantification and Optimal Scheduling of Fast Charging Stations Considering EV User Discharge Willingness (2025) · cites this paper as [26]

    Section 4.2.2 (page unavailable) examines behavioural barriers to demand response, supporting the citation’s reference to existing work on behavioural aspects. The cited paper does not establish that existing frameworks handle behaviour and uncertainty separately, nor does it describe affine mathematics, fuzzy variables, or real-time balancing at FCS. The citing authors’ proposed method should not be attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.80)

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Authors
D’Ettorre, F., Banaei, M., Ebrahimy, R., Pourmousavi, S. A., Blomgren, E. M. V., Kowalski, J., Bohdanowicz, Z., Łopaciuk-Gonczaryk, B., Biele, C., & Madsen, H.
Affiliations
  • Technical University of Denmark (DK)
  • The University of Adelaide (AU)
  • National Information Processing Institute (PL)
Corresponding author
D’Ettorre, F.
ORCID
Venue
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-09
Volume
165
Pages
112605
ISSN
1364-0321 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.rser.2022.112605
OpenAlex
W4281485761
Cited by
160
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 40 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 5
FWCI
8.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • European Commission (864283, H2020)
  • Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (864283)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Integrated Energy Systems Optimization
Keywords
demand-side flexibility, grid balancing, measurement and verification, baseline estimation, energy management systems, regulatory framework, renewable energy integration, social acceptance, customer survey

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