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The antibacterial action of Moringa oleifera: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
This systematic review on the antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera includes a critical analysis of available literature researching in-vitro outcomes of microbiological testing. Our main aim was to understand if Moringa oleifera can be used as an antibacterial agent in human medicine based on in-vitro testing, since antibacterial resistance is on the rise worldwide. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were searched in three databases, EMBASE, Cochrane and PubMed, up to March 2022. This resulted in an initial search of 1005 studies, with 675 studies remaining after removal of doubles. Studies investigating combined activity of an antibiotic and Moringa oleifera were not assessed. Due to unclear procedures or lack of clearly defined results 568 studies were excluded. The remaining studies were subjected to two validity checks and one quality check, resulting in a total number of twelve included studies. In these studies, fifteen different procedures in leaves, whole seeds and dehusked seeds were described. The focus was put on the best method of extraction method that preserved antibacterial activity. Antimicrobial testing in the studies was performed with minimum inhibitory concentration testing on solid or liquid media, disk diffusion, or a combination thereof. A meta-analysis was not performed as procedures were not comparable. Whole Moringa oleifera seeds possess better antibacterial activity than dehusked seeds. Methanol leaf extract demonstrated better activity than aqueous leaf extract in inhibiting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In conclusion, most Moringa oleifera extracts tested in these twelve studies demonstrated minimal inhibition of bacterial growth. This may be related to drawbacks of antibacterial testing on solid media. There were unknown gaps in variables in studies assessing the concentration of extracts and the absolute quantity of moringa, besides lack of corresponding MICs and disc diffusion values. A standardized antibacterial testing format using liquid media in the future may increase data reliability. Studying the combination of Moringa oleifera with antibiotics in-vitro and in-vivo may lead to more promising results and a better understanding of how moringa can be used as a therapeutic agent in human bacterial infection.
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“The antimicrobial and flocculant properties of dried MO seeds are well documented in the literature (Matthew et al., 2022;van den Berg and Kuipers, 2022).”
From Use of biochar and Moringa oleifera in greywater treatment to remove heavy metals and contaminants of emerging concern (2023) · cites this paper as van den Berg and Kuipers, 2022
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Metadata
- Authors
- van den Berg, J., & Kuipers, S.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Kuipers, Saskia
- Venue
- South African Journal of Botany
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-12
- Volume
- 151
- Pages
- 224-233
- ISSN
- 0254-6299 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4303987490
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 8
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- South African Journal of Botany (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Moringa oleifera research and applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Keywords
- Moringa oleifera, antibacterial activity, plant extracts, minimum inhibitory concentration, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, seed extract, leaf extract, methanol extract, antimicrobial resistance, combination antibiotic therapy, bacterial infection
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