Collaborative learning: What is it?
Open accessAbstract
Collaborative learning (CL) is an educational approach to teaching and learning that involves groups of learners working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product. This article seeks to present the basic concept of CL, enabling one to understand it while ensuring important elements are taking into account. The term CL refers to an instruction method in which learners at various performance levels work together in small groups toward a common goal. Five fundamental elements involved in CL, are: Positive interdependence, Individual and group accountability, Interpersonal and small group skills, Face-to- face promotive interaction, and Group processing.
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Collaborative learning is common in higher education.
“Collaborative learning is common in higher education (Laal & Laal, 2012).”
From Measuring undergraduate students’ reliance on generative AI during problem-solving: Scale development and validation. (2025) · cites this paper as Laal & Laal, 2012
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Collaborative learning and the “conversation of mankind”
Bruffee, K. A. (1984) · College English · doi:10.2307/376924 · Cited by 1,016 · see citing works
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Alalwan, N., Al-Rahmi, W. M., Alfarraj, O., Alzahrani, A., Yahaya, N., & Al-Rahmi, A. M. (2019) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2019.2928142 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Hou, C., Zhu, G., Sudarshan, V., Lim, F. S., & Ong, Y. S. (2025) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105329 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Data-driven detection and characterization of communities of accounts collaborating in MOOCs
Ruipérez-Valiente, J. A., Jaramillo-Morillo, D., Joksimović, S., Kovanović, V., Muñoz-Merino, P. J., & Gašević, D. (2021) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2021.07.003 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Laal, M., & Laal, M.
- Affiliations
- Sina Hospital (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Laal, Marjan
- ORCID
- Laal, Marjan
- Venue
- Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 31
- Pages
- 491-495
- ISSN
- 1877-0428 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1997273776
- Cited by
- 642
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 63 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 87 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 17.88
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Social Sciences › Education › Problem and Project Based Learning
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Keywords
- cooperative learning, small group work, positive interdependence, group accountability, individual accountability, social skills, face-to-face interaction, group processing
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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