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Greywater reuse for irrigation: Effect on soil properties
Abstract
A controlled study of the effect of greywater (GW) irrigation on soil properties was conducted. Containers of sand, loam and loess soils were planted with lettuce, and irrigated with fresh water, raw artificial GW or treated artificial GW. Greywater was treated using a recirculating vertical-flow constructed wetland. Soil samples were collected every 10 days for the 40-day duration of the study, and plant growth was measured. Soils were analysed for physicochemical and biological parameters to determine changes caused by the different treatments. It was demonstrated that raw artificial GW significantly increased the development of hydrophobicity in the sand and loam soils, as determined by water droplet penetration time. No significant changes were observed for the loess soil under all treatments. Observed hydrophobicity was correlated with increased oil and grease and surfactant concentrations in the soil. Zeta (zeta) potential of the soils was measured to determine changes in the soil particle surface properties as a result of GW irrigation. A significant change in zeta-potential (less negative) was observed in the raw artificial GW-irrigated sand, whereas no difference was observed in the loam or loess. Soils irrigated with fresh water or treated GW exhibited no increase in hydrophobicity. Fecal coliform bacteria were absent or <10 CFU g(-1) in soils irrigated with fresh water or treated GW, but at least 1 order of magnitude higher in raw artificial GW irrigated soils. Only in the last sampling event and only for the loess soil was plant growth significantly higher for fresh water irrigated vs. raw or treated GW irrigated soils. This study demonstrates that treated GW can be effectively irrigated without detrimental effects on soil or plant growth; however, raw GW may significantly change soil properties that can impact the movement of water in soil and the transport of contaminants in the vadose zone.
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“The performance of a RVFCW was studied, and it was observed that removal of ammonia nitrate was very low as compared to other systems (Gross et al. 2007; Travis et al. 2010).”
From Greywater Characteristics, Treatment Systems, Reuse Strategies and User Perception—a Review (2018) · cites this paper as Travis et al. 2010
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Greywater Characteristics, Treatment Systems, Reuse Strategies and User Perception—a Review
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Metadata
- Authors
- Travis, M. J., Wiel-Shafran, A., Weisbrod, N., Adar, E., & Gross, A.
- Affiliations
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Gross, Amit
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 408
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2501-2508
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2048330280
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 22.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
- Keywords
- greywater reuse, irrigation, soil water repellency, zeta potential, fecal coliforms, lettuce growth, sandy soil, loam soil, loess soils, oil and grease, surfactants, soil physicochemical properties
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Conservation of Natural Resources, Soil, Soil Microbiology, Soil Pollutants, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Pollutants, Lactuca, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
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