Multicompartment occurrence and partitioning of alternative and legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in an impacted river in China
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging global environmental contaminants. Exploring the occurrence and environmental behavior of PFASs in the aquatic environment is a key step in solving global fluorine chemical pollution problems. In this study, surface water, pore water, and sediment were collected from the main tributary and the middle and lower reaches of the Daling River, adjacent to the Fuxin fluorochemical manufacturing facilities in Liaoning Province in China, to elucidate the occurrence and partition behavior of PFASs. The total concentrations of PFASs ranged from 48.4 to 4578 ng/L in the overlying water, from 173 to 9952 ng/L in the pore water, and from 2.16 to 40.3 ng/g dw in the sediment fraction. Generally, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) were the predominant congeners in the samples, with the mean relative content fractions being almost consistently >40% in the dissolved phase and >25% in the sediment. Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) and chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA) were detected, albeit at low levels. In addition, the detection frequency and the contribution of legacy long-chain PFASs in sediment were higher than those in the overlying water and pore water. Except for perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), the concentrations of the alternative PFASs in the pore water were higher than in the overlying water. The organic carbon fraction was a more important controlli…
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PFAS contamination in most Iowa surface waters was dominated by PFPeA and PFBA, similar to surface waters in other regions.
“PFAS contamination in most Iowa surface waters was dominated by PFPeA and PFBA, similar to surface waters in other regions (Gao et al., 2020).”
From PFAS in Iowa drinking water sources: Chemical and geospatial patterns (2025) · cites this paper as Gao et al., 2020
The abundance of PFBA in groundwater near the Mississippi River may be largely attributable to upstream sources and the mobility of short-chain PFAAs in organic matter-containing sediments, enabling PFBA from the river to penetrate the porous carbonate strata into which these wells are bored.
“The abundance of PFBA in groundwater near the Mississippi River may be largely attributable to upstream sources and the mobility of short-chain PFAAs in organic matter-containing sediments (Gao et al., 2020; Zhao et al., 2016), enabling PFBA from the river to penetrate the porous carbonate strata into which these wells are bored.”
From PFAS in Iowa drinking water sources: Chemical and geospatial patterns (2025) · cites this paper as Gao et al., 2020
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References 67 · Cited by 77
- Authors
- Gao, L., Liu, J., Bao, K., Chen, N., & Meng, B.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Normal University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Jingling
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 729
- Pages
- 138753
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3016299208
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 3.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0500402)
- Beijing Normal University (312231104)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fluoride Effects and Removal
- Keywords
- per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, pore water, sediment contamination, perfluorobutanoic acid, PFBS, HFPO-DA, PFHxS, organic carbon fractions
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