Lipoprotein receptors and cholesterol in APP trafficking and proteolytic processing, implications for Alzheimer's disease
Open accessAbstract
Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide accumulation in the brain is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abeta is produced through proteolytic processing of a transmembrane protein, beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), by beta- and gamma-secretases. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that alterations in APP cellular trafficking and localization directly impact its processing to Abeta. Members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family, including LRP, LRP1B, SorLA/LR11, and apoER2, interact with APP and regulate its endocytic trafficking. Additionally, APP trafficking and processing are greatly affected by cellular cholesterol content. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the roles of lipoprotein receptors and cholesterol in APP trafficking and processing and their implication for AD pathogenesis and therapy.
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The amyloidogenic fate of APP is determined by the initial secretase cleavage step; non-amyloidogenic cleavage is mediated by α-secretases, whereas amyloidogenic processing starts primarily in endosomal compartments by β-secretase cleavage.
“The amyloidogenic fate of APP is determined by the initial secretase cleavage step.Non-amyloidogenic cleavage of APP is mediated by extracellular ␣-secretases, whereas amyloidogenic processing starts primarily in endosomal compartments by -secretase cleavage (reviewed in Refs.31 and 50).”
From Reelin: Neurodevelopmental Architect and Homeostatic Regulator of Excitatory Synapses (2017) · cites this paper as [50]
Production of oligomeric Aβ depends on proteolytic processing of APP, which is sequentially cleaved initially by α- or β-secretase followed by γ-secretase cleavage.
“the production of oligomeric A depends on the proteolytic processing of APP, which is sequentially cleaved initially by a ␣or -secretase followed by ␥-secretase cleavage.”
From Reelin: Neurodevelopmental Architect and Homeostatic Regulator of Excitatory Synapses (2017) · cites this paper as [50]
β-Secretases are found mostly in the endosome and cleave APP to yield the Aβ peptide.
“-Secretases are found mostly in the endosome and cleave APP to yield the A peptide (reviewed in Ref. 50).”
From Reelin: Neurodevelopmental Architect and Homeostatic Regulator of Excitatory Synapses (2017) · cites this paper as [50]
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References 170 · Cited by 122
- Authors
- Marzolo, M.-P., & Bu, G.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bu, Guojun
- ORCID
- Bu, Guojun
- Venue
- Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 191-200
- ISSN
- 1084-9521 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2691858
- OpenAlex
- W2068572021
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 170
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Health Assistance Foundation
- Instituto Millenium
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG030128, R01AG027924, R01AG031784)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta, amyloid precursor protein, APP trafficking, APP proteolytic processing, beta-secretase, gamma-secretase, low-density lipoprotein receptor family, LRP, LRP1B, ApoER2, cholesterol, endosomal trafficking, lipoprotein receptors
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Cholesterol, Humans, Models, Biological, Receptors, LDL, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor
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