Cited by 385Sleep and related disordersChild Abuse and TraumaObstructive Sleep Apnea Research

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Adverse childhood experiences are associated with adult sleep disorders: a systematic review

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Kajeepeta, Sandhya, Gelaye, Bizu, Jackson, Chandra L., Williams, Michelle A.·2015·Sleep Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.013PMC PMC4635027

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Abstract

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) represent substantial threats to public health and affect about 58% of youth in the US. In addition to their acute effects such as injury and physical trauma, ACEs are associated with an increased risk of several negative health outcomes throughout the life course. Emerging evidence suggests that sleep disorders may be one such outcome, but existing studies have not been systematically reviewed and summarized. We conducted a systematic review to summarize the evidence concerning the relationship between ACEs and sleep disorders and disturbances, with a focus on adult women. Original publications were identified through searches of the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science using the keywords "childhood," "adversity," "abuse," and "sleep" as well as searches of the reference lists of eligible studies. Studies evaluating ACEs that occurred before 18 years of age and sleep outcomes that were assessed at 18 years or older were adjudicated and included. A total of 30 publications were identified. Of the 30 studies, 28 were retrospective analyses and there was vast heterogeneity in the types of ACEs and sleep outcomes measured. The majority of retrospective studies (N = 25 of 28) documented statistically significant associations between sleep disorders including sleep apnea, narcolepsy, nightmare distress, sleep paralysis, and psychiatric sleep disorders with a history of childhood adversity. In many studies, the strengths of associations increased with the number and severity of adverse experiences. These associations were corroborated by the two prospective studies published to date. Notably, investigators have documented statistically significant associations between family conflict at 7-15 years of age and insomnia at 18 years of age (odds ratio, OR = 1.4; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.2-1.7) and between childhood sexual abuse and sleep disturbances 10 years later in adult women (β = 0.24, p <0.05). There is a growing scientific body of knowledge suggesting an association between ACEs and multiple sleep disorders in adulthood. The available evidence indicates the need to develop treatment strategies such as trauma-informed care for survivors of abuse who suffer from sleep disorders and disturbances. Further, longitudinal studies among diverse populations are needed to improve the overall understanding of this association and to investigate potential gender and racial/ethnic disparities in the strength of the association.

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Background
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Authors: Kajeepeta, S., Gelaye, B., Jackson, C. L., & Williams, M. A.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Kajeepeta, Sandhya
ORCID: Kajeepeta, Sandhya
Gelaye, Bizu
Jackson, Chandra L.
Williams, Michelle A.
Venue: Sleep Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-03
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Pages: 320-330
ISSN: 1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.013
PMC: PMC4635027
OpenAlex: W2150936363
Cited by: 385
References: 78
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5
FWCI: 2.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: NICHD (R01-HD-059835)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (8UL1TR000170-07)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Keywords: adverse childhood experiences, sleep disorders, insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, nightmare distress, sleep paralysis, child sexual abuse, family conflict, adult women, trauma-informed care, childhood adversity
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Child Abuse, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Sex Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders, Family Conflict

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Adverse childhood experiences are associated with adult sleep disorders: a systematic review

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