The DOI matches its Crossref record; 94 of the 96 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive behavioral therapy in persons with comorbid insomnia: A meta-analysis
Abstract
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is effective for treatment of primary insomnia. There has been no synthesis of studies quantifying this effect on insomnia comorbid with medical and psychiatric disorders using rigorous selection criteria. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of CBT-I in studies including patients with medical or psychiatric disorders. Studies were identified from 1985 through February 2014 using multiple databases and bibliography searches. Inclusion was limited to randomized controlled trials of CBT-I in adult patients with insomnia diagnosed using standardized criteria, who additionally had a comorbid medical or psychiatric condition. Twenty-three studies including 1379 patients met inclusion criteria. Based on weighted mean differences, CBT-I improved subjective sleep quality post-treatment, with large treatment effects for the insomnia severity index and Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Sleep diaries showed a 20 min reduction in sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset, 17 min improvement in total sleep time, and 9% improvement in sleep efficiency post-treatment, similar to findings of meta-analyses of CBT-I in older adults. Treatment effects were durable up to 18 mo. Results of actigraphy were similar to but of smaller magnitude than subjective measures. CBT-I is an effective, durable treatment for comorbid insomnia.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The improvements in ISI insomnia symptoms are consistent with those reported in a metaanalysis of CBT-I in non-autistic populations (Geiger-Brown et al ., 2015).”
From ACT-i, an insomnia intervention for autistic adults: A pilot study (2023) · cites this paper as Geiger-Brown et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“CBT-I is recognised as being the treatment of choice for insomnia [93], both in isolated form or as a comorbidity [94], in psychiatric populations [95], among the elderly [96,97], and delivered remotely [98].”
From Cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for the discontinuation of long-term benzodiazepine use in insomnia and anxiety disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [94]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234
The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., Gotzsche, P. C., Juni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., Savovic, J., Schulz, K. F., Weeks, L., Sterne, J. A. C., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928 · Cited by 33,817
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_121117 · Cited by 20,772
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,766
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed
Cooper, A. M., & Michels, R. (1981) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.138.1.128 · Cited by 7,419
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders
Daroff, R. B. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.1.160 · Cited by 5,023
Morin, C. M., Belleville, G., Bélanger, L., & Ivers, H. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/34.5.601 · Cited by 4,620
Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn
Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743 · cited 2×
“, 19 94 [2 6] C h ro n ic in so m n ia 59 st u d ie s, 21 02 su bj ec ts 19 74 e 19 93 z 1⁄4 0.”
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- National Institutes of Health, 2005, National Institutes of Health State of the Science Conference statement on Manifestations and Management of Chronic Insomnia in Adults, June 13–15, 2005, Sleep, 28, 1049
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–329 of 329
CADTH (2023) · Canadian Journal of Health Technologies · doi:10.51731/cjht.2023.624
Fagundes, D. L., Sougey, É. B., Silva, T. S., & Andrade, L. T. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2749328/v1
ภูติรักษ์, จ., ธนศิลป์, ส., & อนุเรือง, ศ. (2021) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2021.499
Therapieschwierige Insomnien erfolgreich behandeln
Hertenstein, E., Schneider, C. L., & Nissen, C. (2023) · DNP – Die Neurologie & Psychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s15202-023-5755-9
Kara, Y., Ayçiçek, İ., & Yılmaz, F. T. (2024) · International Journal of Health Services Research and Policy · doi:10.33457/ijhsrp.1505106
Torrens-Darder, M. D. M., Torrens, I., Torrente, S. G., Vicens, C., Leiva, A., Pizá-Portell, M. R., Arrom, A. L. E., Lorente, P., Serrano-Ripoll, M. J., Vidal-Thomàs, M. C., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-089158
Massa, J.-F., & Lambert, I. (2024) · Médecine du Sommeil · doi:10.1016/j.msom.2024.09.001
Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on symptoms of insomnia, depression and suicide riskPreprint
Fagundes, D. L., Sougey, É. B., & da Silva, T. D. P. S. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5823715/v1
Innovating CBT-I for cancer survivors: study protocol for a randomized controlled optimization trial
Balkind, E. G., Willis, K. D., Bolden, C., Muzikansky, A., Gorman, M. J., Comander, A. H., Haggett, D., Wagner, L. I., Kossowsky, J., Park, E. R., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Clinical Trials · doi:10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20251208
Sleep Disorders in the Elderly
Amidi, A., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Maglione, J. E., & Wu, L. M. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197602751.013.27
Scott, H., Tun, T. T., Bickley, K., Haycock, J., Dunbar, C., Liebich, T., Micic, G., Lovato, N., Mercer, J., Lack, L. C., et al. (2025) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2025.2569364
Effects of Agomelatine on Sleep Across Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Stefanou, A., Anastasiou, I., Fallon, P., Glarou, E., Christodoulou, N., Lappas, A. S., Bozikas, V., & Samara, M. T. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70231 · Cited by 1
del Giudice, R., Daccordo, T., Mandelli, L., Gallucci, M., Madeddu, F., Maffeis, M., d'Albore, M., Conforti, L., Grimaudo, D., Scirica, M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70261
Kragh, M., Dyrberg, H., Speed, M. S., Pedersen, P., Kristiansen, S. T., & Martiny, K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25010411
Kragh, M., Dyrberg, H., Speed, M. S., Pedersen, P., Kristiansen, S. T., & Martiny, K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26668368
Nazari, N., Sadeghi, M., Samusenkov, V., & Aligholipour, A. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.18585738
Kragh, M., Dyrberg, H., Speed, M. S., Pedersen, P., Kristiansen, S. T., & Martiny, K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26668365
Li, Y., Nazari, N., & Sadeghi, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26555171
Kragh, M., Dyrberg, H., Speed, M. S., Pedersen, P., Kristiansen, S. T., & Martiny, K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25010553
Li, Y., Nazari, N., & Sadeghi, M. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26555168
Yan, P., Feng, S., Ma, M., Li, B., & Liu, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1688561 · Cited by 2
Pallanca, O. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/27e09936z37eez4955zbddcz1796de2f7fda
Betz, L. T., Göder, R., Jacob, G. A., & Riemann, D. W. (2026) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2026.105075 · Cited by 1
He, H., Hu, M., Li, S., & Yue, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1878379
Insomnia Treatment Preferences and Barriers of Individuals With Arthritis
McGuire, E., Andersen, N. J., Lacaille, D. V., Savard, J., Fortin, P. R., Rahme, E., & Costa, D. D. (2026) · ACR Open Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/acr2.90104
Andrabi, U., Chhibber, P., & Ashraf, A. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33512-9.00016-0
Metadata
- Authors
- Geiger-Brown, J. M., Rogers, V. E., Liu, W., Ludeman, E. M., Downton, K. D., & Diaz-Abad, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Corresponding author
- Geiger-Brown, Jeanne M.
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 23
- Pages
- 54-67
- ISSN
- 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993723067
- Cited by
- 331
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 10
- FWCI
- 2.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, comorbid insomnia, sleep quality, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, actigraphy, treatment durability, Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
