Cited by 137Sleep and related disordersDigital Mental Health InterventionsObstructive Sleep Apnea Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 91 of the 91 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Comparative efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Hasan, Faizul, Tu, Yu-Kang, Yang, Chien-Ming, James Gordon, Christopher, Wu, Dean, Lee, Hsin-Chien, Yuliana, Lia Taurussia, Herawati, Lucky, Chen, Ting-Jhen, Chiu, Hsiao-Yean·2022·Sleep Medicine Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101567

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The comparative efficacy of various approaches of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is still unclear. This network meta-analysis explored the comparative efficacy of digital CBTi approaches in adults with insomnia. Four electronic databases were searched from inception to June 27, 2020. Primary outcomes were self-reported total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE), and insomnia symptoms; these were measured using sleep diaries or valid questionnaires. A random-effects network meta-analysis in a frequentist framework was used. Fifty-four randomized controlled trials comprising 11,815 participants were included. Compared with usual care, web-based CBTi with a therapist demonstrated significantly longer TST (mean difference [MD]: 23.19 min, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.98-27.39 min), shorter SOL (MD: -18.76 min, 95% CI -24.20 to -13.31 min), lower WASO (MD: -31.40 min, 95% CI: -36.26 to -26.55 min), and greater SE (MD: 10.37%, 95% CI: 8.08%-12.65%). The surface under the cumulative ranking curve indicates that web-based CBTi with therapists is most likely to be ranked the highest among all treatments, and thus, this network meta-analysis suggests that such a treatment is the optimal intervention for improving sleep duration and SE as well as the reductions in SOL and WASO. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020171134.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101567

Cites

91 of 91 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_121117 · Cited by 20,772
The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations
Hutton, B., Salanti, G., Caldwell, D. M., Chaimani, A., Schmid, C. H., Cameron, C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Straus, S., Thorlund, K., Jansen, J. P., et al. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-2385 · Cited by 8,269
Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research
Bastien, C. (2001) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4 · Cited by 8,067
Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn
Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743
Graphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA
Chaimani, A., Higgins, J. P. T., Mavridis, D., Spyridonos, P., & Salanti, G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076654 · Cited by 2,473
Combination of direct and indirect evidence in mixed treatment comparisons
Lu, G., & Ades, A. E. (2004) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1875 · Cited by 2,172

Show all 91 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Edition, 2013

Sorted by citations

Items 101–137 of 137

Behavioural Treatment Considerations for Insomnia: a Review of Meta-analyses
Pal, A., Basu, A., & Gupta, R. M. (2023) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-023-00264-7
“The studies reported that eCBTi improved total sleep time (TST) [19–21, 23], SE [ 20 , 21 , Group CBTi Koffel et al. [26] conducted a meta-analysis of eight RCTs evaluating the efficacy of group CBTi.”
Background
Therapieschwierige Insomnien erfolgreich behandeln
Hertenstein, E., Schneider, C. L., & Nissen, C. (2023) · DNP – Die Neurologie & Psychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s15202-023-5755-9
Physiotherapists: Sleep Health Promoters
Aldughmi, M., Frange, C., & Siengsukon, C. F. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-38340-3_2
A clinician’s quick guide to evidence-based approaches: insomnia disorder
Saunders, W. J., & Bei, B. (2024) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1080/13284207.2024.2351876
Identification des freins à la prescription de thérapie cognitivo-comportementale de l’insomnie en médecine générale : une revue de la portée
Massa, J.-F., & Lambert, I. (2024) · Médecine du Sommeil · doi:10.1016/j.msom.2024.09.001
Literaturverzeichnis zu Voderholzer (Hrsg.): Therapie psychischer Erkrankungen, 20. Auflage
(2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21224-6.00055-4
Multi-Media Field Test: Sleep Better With Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: CBT-i Coach Provides Support for Insomnia
Liu, M., Pagador, A. J. T., Mizyed, J., Martinez, E. C., & Schueller, S. M. (2024) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2024.11.004
eHealth for the Treatment of Depression and Insomnia
Taple, B. J., Lattie, E. G., & Stamatis, C. A. (2025) · CBT: science into practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92265-7_8
Beyond Sleep Hygiene: A Multidimensional Clinical Profile for Precision CBT-I in Distressed University Students
Imran, M., & Farooq, I. (2025) · THE THERAPIST (Journal of Therapies & Rehabilitation Sciences) · doi:10.54393/tt.v6i3.282
Implementing digital mental health tools in the public behavioral health systems: a multi-city/county evaluation of California’s Help@Hand project
Bevens, W., Stoeckl, S. E., Eikey, E. V., Schneider, M. L., Stadnick, N. A., Zheng, K., Mukamel, D. B., Sorkin, D. H., & Schueller, S. M. (2026) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-026-01053-3
Keefektifan Teknik Restrukturisasi Kognitif untuk Menurunkan Prokrastinasi Akademik Mahasiswa
Febriani, R. O., Sukmana, D. R., Ningrum, D. E. A. F., Melinda, V. A., & Erfantinni, I. H. (2025) · Jurnal Pembelajaran Bimbingan dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan · doi:10.17977/um065.v5.i11.2025.11
Transforming Brain Health With Neurotechnology Convergence (Part II): Intelligent Neurointervention Systems for Neurological Disorders
Ye, Q., Peng, F., Pan, C., Zhang, P., Xie, X., Li, Z., Tang, Y., Chen, D., Li, Y., Wu, J., et al. (2025) · Brain Health · doi:10.1002/brh2.70002
Additional file 2 of Promoting sleep health during pregnancy for enhancing women’s health: a longitudinal randomized controlled trial combining biological, physiological and psychological measures, Maternal Outcome after THERapy for Sleep (MOTHERS)
Meneo, D., Baldi, E., Cerolini, S., Curati, S., Bastianini, S., Berteotti, C., Simonazzi, G., Manconi, M., Zoccoli, G., Bartolo, P. D., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26011968
Additional file 1 of Promoting sleep health during pregnancy for enhancing women’s health: a longitudinal randomized controlled trial combining biological, physiological and psychological measures, Maternal Outcome after THERapy for Sleep (MOTHERS)
Meneo, D., Baldi, E., Cerolini, S., Curati, S., Bastianini, S., Berteotti, C., Simonazzi, G., Manconi, M., Zoccoli, G., Bartolo, P. D., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26011844
Additional file 1 of Investigating non-inferiority of internet-delivered versus face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I): a randomised controlled trial (iSleep well)
Benz, F., Grolig, L., Hannibal, S., Buntrock, C., Cuijpers, P., Domschke, K., Ebert, D. D., Ell, J., Janneck, M., Jenkner, C., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26731849
Insomnische Störungen
Pöschel, L., & Frase, L. (2026) · PSYCH up2date · doi:10.1055/a-2550-7222
Sponsorship bias and control group composition in trials evaluating digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia – A comment on Grolig et al.
Pires, G. N., Kakazu, V. A., Leite, I. P. A., & Tufik, S. B. (2026) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2026.102243
Mobile Application-Based Interventions for Clinical Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)Preprint
Chow, P. J.-L., & Lai, T. H. E. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.91774
A Nursing Intervention Combining Case Management and CBT for Postoperative NSCLC Patients: Effects on Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life
Liu, Y., Sun, Y., & Chen, N. (2026) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/69622
Effectiveness of Adaptive Digital Interventions Triggered by Passive Sensing for Sleep Improvement in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Alyafei, A. A., Hussein, A. M., & Abdulla, S. T. A. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.105457
“Quality of life, which was evaluated in three studies (n = 208), was significantly better in the intervention groups than in the control groups, with a pooled effect size of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.06-1.56) [19,34,36].”
Influential
Insomnia disorder and occupational demand in commercial freight driving: A qualitative analysis of symptoms and attributions
Hartescu, I., Sherry, A. P., Stamp, E., Christoforou, A., Clemes, S. A., Taylor, I. M., & Morgan, K. (2026) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2026.2682402
Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia and Gut Microbiota Changes in Pregnant Women: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)Preprint
Zhang, J., Chen, P., Mu, L., Tan, H., Yang, Z., Cai, Y., & Zhu, B. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.105604
Comparative Effects of Various Modalities of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Rohmah, I., Hsieh, 邱. T.-N., Jan, Y.-W., Hasan, F., Chen, Y.-C., Widodo, A. F., Lee, H., Lin, C., & Chiu, H. (2026) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/wvn.70158
“This result aligns with research indicating that WASO is typically less responsive to behavioral interventions than sleep initiation outcomes (Ye et al. 2015; Hasan et al. 2022).”
Self-citation
Fecal microbiota transplantation‐based treatment protocol for chronic insomnia disorder: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Gao, T., Liu, X., Mi, W., Shi, L., Wang, X., Zhu, D., Geng, F., Fu, Y., Yang, Y., Li, X., et al. (2026) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.70137 · Cited by 1
Management of adult insomnia in Australia: a joint position statement of the Australasian Sleep Association, Sleep Health Foundation, Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, Australian Psychological Society, Pharmaceutical Society of Australia, and Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association
Sweetman, A., Putland, S., Meaklim, H., Winter, S., Kennedy, G., Lack, L. C., Bartlett, D. J., Szeto, J., Blunden, S. L., Salles, H., et al. (2026) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpag086
The historical and contemporary aspects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in recent 30 years: a bibliometric study
He, H., Hu, M., Li, S., & Yue, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1878379
Traitement numérique de l’insomnie
Stern, É., & Geoffroy, P. A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-78711-9.00054-2
Comparative Effects of Various Delivery Methods of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Among Patients With Cancers: Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Lee, C.-I., Mukminin, M. A., Jan, Y.-W., Wang, T., Huang, T., & Chiu, H. (2026) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.70593
“Previous studies have suggested that therapist support and treatment engagement may influence adherence and treatment outcomes in digital behavioral interventions [10].”
Self-citation
Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Liu, M., Li, Y., Lin, Y., Niu, Y., Ma, Y., & Zhu, Z. (2026) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-026-10486-y
Beyond timing: integrating circadian biology into personalized drug therapy
Khirfan, R., Sinnokrot, S. M., Mhawish, W., & Alhasan, E. (2026) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291016.2026.2722244
Coach supported digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Ulmer, C. S., Jeffreys, A. S., Shannon, J., Blythe, A., Dennis, P. A., Chai, W., Miles, A., Rubin, M., Rekart, K. N., Marteeny, V., et al. (2026) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2026.108470
Self-citation
Insomnia treatment preferences of older adults and people living with dementia: A qualitative study
McEvoy, A. M., Reeve, E., Ride, J., Langford, A. V., Lee, K. M. K., Loh, S., & Turner, J. P. (2026) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877261487350
Insomnie
Spiegelhalder, K., & Benz, F. (2026) · PSYCH up2date · doi:10.1055/a-2842-3143
Sleep Regularity and Caregiver-Reported Fasting and Meal Skipping Behavior Among U.S. Adolescents: Findings from a National Sample
Knowlden, A. P., & Pacella, K. C. (2026) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276261493422
Smartphone-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: A preliminary randomized controlled trial
Knutzen, S. M., Christensen, D. S., Neumann, H., Damholdt, M. F., Amidi, A., & Zachariae, R. (2026) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2026.101007
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Insights into Ziziphus jujuba: Mechanisms Associated to Fatigue, Stress and Recovery Physiology
Moghadam, B. H., Gaeini, A. A., & Rashidlamir, A. (2026) · Nutrition And Food In Health And Disease · doi:10.66224/nfsr.13.2.31
Real-World Efficacy of a Mobile Application for Insomnia: A Multicenter Study of Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Shin, J., Jeon, J. E., Lee, H. Y., Yoo, J. H., Lee, A. R., Kim, T. H., Lee, E. M., Kim, W. J., Lee, H., Kim, S. J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2027.42.e42
Self-citation

Authors: Hasan, F., Tu, Y.-K., Yang, C.-M., James Gordon, C., Wu, D., Lee, H.-C., Yuliana, L. T., Herawati, L., Chen, T.-J., & Chiu, H.-Y.
Affiliations: Taipei Medical University (TW)
National Taiwan University (TW)
National Chengchi University (TW)
Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital (TW)
Taipei Medical University Hospital (TW)
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (ID)
Corresponding author: Chiu, Hsiao-Yean
ORCID: Hasan, Faizul
Tu, Yu-Kang
Yang, Chien-Ming
Wu, Dean
Lee, Hsin-Chien
Yuliana, Lia Taurussia
Herawati, Lucky
Chen, Ting-Jhen
Chiu, Hsiao-Yean
Venue: Sleep Medicine Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2022-02
Volume: 61
Pages: 101567
ISSN: 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101567
OpenAlex: W3214315566
Cited by: 137
References: 91
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 13
FWCI: 2.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (110-2628-B-038-017)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Keywords: digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, insomnia, online therapy, total sleep time, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, treatment efficacy comparison
MeSH terms: Adult, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Sleep, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Polysomnography, Self Report

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Comparative efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks