Mental health of female survivors of human trafficking in Nepal
Abstract
Little is known about the mental health status of trafficked women, even though international conventions require that it be considered. This study, therefore, aims at exploring the mental health status, including anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), of female survivors of human trafficking who are currently supported by local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Katmandu, the capital of Nepal, through comparison between those who were forced to work as sex workers and those who worked in other areas such as domestic and circus work (non-sex workers group). The Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) was administered to assess anxiety and depression, and the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version (PCL-C) was used to evaluate PTSD. Both the sex workers' and the non-sex workers' groups had a high proportion of cases with anxiety, depression, and PTSD. The sex workers group tended to have more anxiety symptoms (97.7%) than the non-sex workers group (87.5%). Regarding depression, all the constituents of the sex workers group scored over the cut-off point (100%), and the group showed a significantly higher prevalence than the non-sex workers (80.8%). The proportion of those who are above the cut-off for PTSD was higher in the sex workers group (29.6%) than in the non-sex workers group (7.5%). There was a higher rate of HIV infection in the sex workers group (29.6%) than in the non-sex workers group (0%). The findings suggest that programs to address human tr…
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The HSCL-25 and HTQ have been used internationally with sexual-violence survivors and have solid psychometric properties with conflict-affected samples.
“Both the HSCL-25 and the HTQ have been used internationally with sexualviolence survivors 20 and have solid psychometric properties with conflict-affected samples [21][22][23]”
From Controlled trial of psychotherapy for Congolese survivors of sexual violence (2013) · cites this paper as [20]
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References 29 · Cited by 186
- Authors
- Tsutsumi, A., Izutsu, T., Poudyal, A. K., Kato, S., & Marui, E.
- Affiliations
- Juntendo University (JP)
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (JP)
- Tribhuvan University (NP)
- Tokyo Metropolitan University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Tsutsumi, Atsuro
- Venue
- Social Science & Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1841-1847
- ISSN
- 0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2045936343
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 20.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Sex work and related issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- human trafficking, mental health, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, sex work, domestic work, HIV infection, psychosocial support, non-governmental organizations, Nepal
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Mental Health, Nepal, Sex Work, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sex Offenses, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Survivors, Crime Victims
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